Currently, lighting systems with hollow tubular light guides that can transport light to any part of the building have been widely used for natural illumination of buildings. The article presents a comparative analysis of the operation of hollow light guides and traditional side and upper light openings. Examples of large realized projects of buildings with hollow tubular light guides in Russia show the rationale for choosing such lighting systems and their advantages. The unique experience of using light guides for natural lighting of a church in Siberia is considered in the paper. During the design of this illumination system some innovative technical solutions were developed and implemented for the first time. The access of daylight in dark rooms, the provision of thermal and light comfort in the building, energy saving, protection from adverse weather conditions, the emergence of new opportunities for architectural solutions are factors determining the prospects for application of a natural lighting system with hollow tubular light guides in Russia.

Keywords: natural lighting systems, hollow tubular light guides, side and upper light openings, energy saving, innovative technologies

The problem of choosing the most optimal gas supply scheme for rural settlements is considered, taking into account technical and economic criteria. For example x. Knyazhensky-1, Mikhailovsky district of the Volgograd region, several gas supply schemes are proposed. The feasibility study of the choice of one of the possible options is given. It was found that for rural settlements with an extended form, the most optimal is a scheme with two sources of gas supply and a reserving jumper between them.

Keywords: gas distribution network, gas reduction points, hydraulic regime, normalized pressure, cost, construction and installation works

The use of clayey soils in the construction of subgrade allows to reduce the use of sandy soils, thereby reducing the number of quarries formed. However, this requires the implementation of constructive measures aimed at ensuring reliability, strength and safety. One of the ways to implement such activities is the use of geosynthetic materials. In the article, based on the experience of designing and building objects with geosynthetic materials, the criteria for choosing their types depending on the tasks being solved are established. The necessity of developing a mathematical model substantiating the decisions taken is considered. The obligatory organization and conduct of geotechnical control is noted as a tool to determine the directions for the development of this area of ​​construction in order to reduce the technogenic load on the territories associated with the withdrawal of natural resources.

Keywords: subgrade embankment, transport engineering structure, geosynthetic material, embankment reinforcement, anti-erosion protection, geotechnical control

Significant climatic changes are currently observed in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the intensity of which is 2.5 times higher than the average planetary level. The continental and shelf zones of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation contain a significant amount of minerals, including hydrocarbons. The cost of extracting this raw material on the mainland of the Russian Federation is becoming more expensive due to the depletion of existing deposits. In connection with this and the observed climatic changes, the Government of the Russian Federation has begun active development of this region. The development of the Arctic region is associated with the construction and reconstruction of port hydraulic structures included in the Northern Sea Route, the expansion of port infrastructure and the construction of terminals for liquefied natural gas. The current construction regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation does not provide for accounting for changes in wave, ice and hydrostatic loads on port hydraulic structures during their operation due to projected climatic changes in the region. The issue of the need to take into account climatic changes in the design of port hydraulic structures in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is considered. Conclusions are drawn that taking into account climatic changes will reduce the cost of major repairs during the life cycle of structures and reduce the risks of accidents caused by the operation of structures under design loads.

Keywords: climate change, construction projects in the Russian Arctic, port hydraulic structures, western Arctic

Remote control of construction equipment makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the workflow: reduce the construction time, adhere to a clear schedule, keeping up with the deadlines set and approved by the project, allows you to "see" the production process from different sides, eliminating almost all possible problems. Also, the full or partial transfer of authority to computer technologies guarantees continuous work in the presence of various climatic and social factors that slow down or stop the schedule. This article examines the experience of implementing remote control of construction equipment at oil production facilities. A comparative analysis of the automated and standard workflow is carried out on the example of KAMAZ trucks. The prospects for the introduction of remote control technology for construction equipment at fields in Russia in order to increase the efficiency of construction production are considered.

Keywords: construction machinery, automated equipment, drones, 5G, unmanned vehicle, unmanned trucks

The article discusses the methodology for conducting building control using an information model of building structures and a cloud of points obtained using ground-based laser scanning technology. The proposed technique makes it possible to increase the efficiency of identifying geometric deviations in the course of monitoring the construction of industrial, civil and infrastructure facilities.

Keywords: digital technologies, BIM model, information model, point cloud, terrestrial laser scanning, construction control

The article considers measures to ensure environmental safety. The analysis of the technological process of cement production was carried out, which revealed the main sources of dust emission. The results of the study of the dispersed composition of cement dust are presented.

Keywords: disperse composition of dust, PM10 and PM2.5, environmental safety, cement dust

This article contains the results of a study of the strength characteristics of building mortars of various compositions based on magnesia binder (magnesia oxychloride cement). The results obtained: the final compressive strength (28-day) within the studied compositions is from 12 to 45 MPa, the kinetics (rate) of strength growth on the first day of hardening is from 22 to 38%, on the third day of hardening – 33-68%, on the seventh day – from 50-88%, and about 120% from the design (28-day) with further hardening.

Keywords: magnesia oxychloride cement, magnesia binder, magnesia mortar, magnesia concrete, caustic magnesite, magnesium chloride, compressive strength, strength set kinetics

The article discusses the basic principles of information modeling of building systems that underlie BIM technology, and emphasizes the importance of their interaction, since the correctness and efficiency of the BIM process depends on this. The traditional and some basic curves characteristic of the life cycle of goods (products), which have found application in marketing theory, is given. It is noted that each stage of the life cycle of a construction object requires in-depth study and detailed study, since the analysis of scientific publications and the current regulatory document on information modeling revealed their contradiction to each other in some positions.

Keywords: information modeling, principles, life cycle curves, capital construction object, normative document.

The construction of public buildings from a metal frame is always associated with the search for a rational constructive solution that meets not only the dependability requirements, safety, but also architectural and design solutions. Often, the solution to the problem of rationalization of roof construction in public buildings is the use of arched combined systems, since such systems have a number of advantages over simple arches: the survivability of combined systems is higher than simple ones, the possibility of creating complex, architecturally expressive spatial structures, lower material consumption, high load-carrying ability with relatively low weight, etc. The aim of the research is to find a rational construction solution for two arch-cable systems (Hud type system and Radial type system) by comparing in terms of the minimum internal forces, displacements and metal intensity at different ratios of the arch boom and span. Based on the calculation results in the Lira SAPR 2020 software, the most unfavorable loads combinations were determined, deformation schemes of arch systems, displacements, moments and forces were obtained, sections of arches and ties were selected. From ten arched structures of two types considered with different ratios of arch boom to span, the Hub type system with the ratio of arch boom to span f/L = 1/3 and Radial type system with the ratio of boom to span f/L = 1/4 showed the best result in terms of efficient operation and metal intensity.

Keywords: combined systems, arch-cable constructions, simulation of prestress, hub type s

When clearing territories for the construction and / or subsequent maintenance of such infrastructure facilities as construction sites, airfield territories, right-of-way for roads and railways, heat supply routes, and so on, work is often carried out to remove growing undesirable tree and shrub vegetation, At the same time, the problem of assessing the quality of the performance of these works is relevant. The authors of the article consider the issues of mathematical modeling for assessing the quality and effectiveness of the work performed to clear the territories of a number of the above infrastructure facilities, give the boundary values ​​of the criteria for assessing the quality of the measures taken to remove vegetation, and formulate a conclusion about the advantages of the developed mathematical model.

Keywords: territory, unwanted vegetation, removal, efficiency, quality, criteria, evaluation

The author presents proposals on the types of residential buildings for the main types of families, formulates the requirements for the architectural organization of an urban residential building with intensive use of the residential area, respectively, at three structural levels: a residential cell, a residential building, a residential group.

Keywords: architecture, dwelling, layout, Arab house, apartment, living cell, living group, building, Anbar province, Iraq

The paper presents a model for the distribution of sulfur by types of states and a model for the coalescence of sulfur droplets in a sulfur-bitumen binder, as well as a model for the coalescence of sulfur droplets in a bitumen melt. The developed models well explain the mechanisms of structure formation of sulfur bitumen materials, leading to the formation of their mechanical properties, determined experimentally both for the sulfur bitumen binder and for sulfur asphalt concrete.The model of sulfur distribution by types of states demonstrates that with an increase in the sulfur content in the bituminous binder, the proportion of sulfur in a physically free state increases, which forms a dispersed phase that increases the viscosity of the binder. This leads to a natural increase in the properties of the bituminous binder with the introduction of sulfur. The sulfur droplet coalescence model demonstrates that this process is energetically favorable. The driving force of coalescence is the Laplace pressure, which increases with an increase in the size ratio of contacting sulfur droplets. Also, with an increase in the sulfur content, the probability of overcoming the interfacial film of bitumen between sulfur drops increases, which naturally increases the likelihood of the formation of spatial sulfur structures that adversely affect the crack resistance of sulfur asphalt concrete.

Keywords: sulfur, sulfur states, strength, crack resistance, sulfur-bitumen binders, sulfur-asphalt concrete, asphalt concrete, coalescence of sulfur droplets

Increasing the energy efficiency of panel houses of mass development in the territory of the Republic of Khakassia is an urgent problem, since typical panel buildings make up the majority of the housing stock of the Republic. The purpose of the study is to find the most effective design solution that minimizes heat loss through the enclosing structures. The paper presents a thermal imaging survey of a panel residential building located on the territory of the region, identifies the main areas of heat loss. The analysis of calculations of structural coupling units performed by the finite element method in the Elcut Professional software package is carried out. The most effective version of the wall construction to reduce heat loss has been proposed.

Keywords: energy efficiency, heat loss, exfiltration, infiltration, building inspection, thermal imaging inspection, enclosing structures, panel five-story houses

The paper studies the problems of heat transfer intensification in shell-and-tube heat exchangers used in the heat supply of buildings. The solution to this problem is to use the circulation of the coolant flow in a pulsed mode, with different frequency pulsations. Based on experimental studies to determine the efficiency of a shell-and-tube water-to-water heat exchanger, a method has been proposed, in accordance with which it has been proved that the pulsed mode, compared to the stationary one, is the most effective in terms of key indicators, such as the heat transfer coefficient and thermal power.

Keywords: intensification, heat transfer, heat exchanger, coolant, fluctuations, efficiency, thermal power

The article studies the thermal conditions in the heating system of a two-storey building of the laboratory building of the Medical Institute. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data obtained from thermograms of heating devices. The study of thermal conditions in a two-pipe heating system is carried out, the actual and estimated power of each heating device is determined, as well as the temperature inside the premises.

Keywords: Coolant regulation, heating system, thermostat, thermal modes, thermogram, coolant, balancing, heating system

The article analyzes the accident rate in the city of Khabarovsk for 2011-2021, determines the indicators of the severity of incidents, the severity of consequences and social risk. The regulatory documents that regulate the placement of advertising structures in the Russian Federation are considered. The data of a public opinion poll on the impact of advertising structures on road safety in the city of Khabarovsk are given. It was determined, by the method of topographic analysis, the number of advertising structures that should be dismantled in Khabarovsk in accordance with clause 5.1 of GOST 33027-2014. To carry out topographic analysis, a geoinformation model was created in the Qgis software package, which combined data on the places of concentration of accidents in the city of Khabarovsk for 2021 and data on the locations of advertising structures in one coordinate system.

Keywords: advertising constructions, traffic safety, traffic accident, accident rate, accident focus, social risk

The article collects and structures information about the effect of chemical additives on the properties of concrete and concrete mix. The relevance of topic is due to the fragmentation of the background information and the lack of data on the study of new additives. The presentation of information in the form of a morphological table simplifies the selection of additives and reduces the risk of errors in the selection of concrete composition. Mineral additives were not considered in this article.

Keywords: construction materials, concrete, concrete mix, chemical additives, concrete properties, concrete composition, modified concrete

The article discusses the history of the creation of heat generators. the main parameters of work and errors associated with the operation of this equipment. a brief description of such parameters as excess air coefficient, chemical underburning is given. on the example of an industrial enterprise in the city of Volzhsky, the relationship between the main indicators of heat generators and the adjustment of a gas burner is shown.

Keywords: energy saving, natural ventilation, the mechanical central zone ventilation system, the single apartment ventilation system, recovery, a planning solution for a building, energy saving, heat generator, boiler unit, gas burner, efficiency

The possibility of using artificial neural networks to assess the current characteristics of pavements and their potential application in the development of road maintenance strategies is considered. The results of the models showed the convergence between the estimated values ​​of the pavement condition and the actual values ​​at all stages of training. The results show that public road authorities can use the developed models to determine the optimal approach to road maintenance and determine the most effective measures to restore their capacity and operational condition.

Keywords: artificial neural networks, backpropagation algorithm, falling weight deflectometer, pavement maintenance, pavement management system

The article is devoted to the selection of the mobility of the concrete mixture for monolithic densely reinforced reinforced concrete columns directly on the construction site. The main defects in pouring concrete mixtures are described, the causes of their occurrence are analyzed. Empirically, the mobility of the concrete mixture, the technology of laying and the organization of work during the concreting of structures of heavily reinforced columns were selected. Recommendations are given for eliminating defects in monolithic reinforced concrete columns.

Keywords: column, densely reinforced structure, monolithic structure, concrete mix, cone slump, plasticity of concrete, workability, composition selection, monolithic defects

The article is devoted to assessing the influence of errors in the experimental determination of initial data by non-destructive methods for recalculating the bearing capacity of building structures. When conducting an inspecting procedure the technical condition of the building structures that have been in operation for a long time, one of the main tasks is to determine their current operational suitability and predict their durability. The author considers possible errors or inaccuracies in the measurements of the physical, mechanical and geometric characteristics of a reinforced concrete beam (concrete class and reinforcement parameters). The degree of their influence on the change in the bearing capacity of the beam is compared. The conclusion is made about the greatest influence on the actual value of Mult (up to 34.5%) occurs from an incorrect determination of the diameter of the working reinforcement. Errors in determining the class of concrete remain within 1%; accuracy of determining the thickness of the protective layer - within 1.5% and they have a significantly smaller impact on the value of Mult.

Keywords: inspection of existing structures, methods of non-destructive testing, calculating of bending structures, reinforcement parameters

Dust particles formed and propagated on the territory of industrial enterprises have certain physico-chemical properties. The traditional characteristic defining the properties of a dispersed (powder) system is its granulometric composition. Often, such properties of a dispersed material as (hygroscopicity, strength, porosity, abrasiveness, etc.) depend not only on the particle sizes in the dispersed material, but also on the shape of dust particles. Therefore, for a more complete analysis of the resulting emissions, it is necessary to know the shape of the solid particles contained in the gas-air mixture. To analyze the morphometric characteristics of solid particles, the transmission microscopy method was used, followed by the translation of the obtained raster photographs into binary format. The analysis of the obtained images was performed by Spotexplorer software. The data obtained after processing binary images were used to determine the morphological composition of solid particles.

Keywords: sphericity coefficient, cement plant, solid particle, microscopy, atmospheric air, emission, morphology.

The paper considers the quasi-stationary motion of a viscous compressible fluid in the gap of a thrust bearing with a nonlinear contour of the support surface of the slider. It is assumed that the slider is stationary, and the guide with the molten surface moves in the direction of narrowing the gap at a time-dependent speed. Well-known equations are used for the solution: the equation of motion of a compressible fluid, the equation of continuity, the equation of state and the equation describing the profile of the molten contour of the support ring. The case is considered for the extreme and non-extreme case, that is, when the parameter of the specific heat of melting tends to infinity and vice versa. As a result of an accurate self–similar solution, the main operational characteristics are determined - velocity and pressure fields, load capacity and friction force. The problem of the stability of the movement of the support ring is also solved. The final stage of theoretical calculation methods is numerical analysis.The analysis of its results showed that the modified design of the thrust sliding bearing, taking into account additional factors, has a bearing capacity value exceeding the standard designs by 8-11% in the range of load-speed modes studied. The coefficient of friction is reduced by 9-13%.

Keywords: quasi-stationary flow, extreme case, metal coating, non-standard support profile, hydrodynamic mode, stability of the guide movement