In this work, an experimental model of a circuit diagram with pulsating circulation of a liquid coolant in a heated circuit of a plate heat exchanger was assembled and tested. As a result of hydraulic and energy calculations of the circuit, the optimal parameters for flow, pressure, and temperature of the coolant were selected at maximum efficiency of the impact unit. It has been established that with an increase in the operating frequency of the impact unit, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger first decreases and reaches a minimum of 452.47 W/(m2*0C) at a frequency of 0.5 Hz, and then begins to increase and reaches a maximum of 482.31 W/(m2* 0C) at a frequency of 2 Hz, after which it gradually decreases. It has also been experimentally established that the temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger of the heated circuit increases with increasing frequency of the shock unit and reaches a maximum at a frequency of 2 Hz, after which it begins to gradually decrease. It has been established that the change in temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger of the heated circuit exceeds the change in temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger of the heating circuit at operating frequencies above 1 Hz, which is due to the stronger influence of cavitation at these frequencies.

Keywords: heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficient, impact unit, frequency, heat transfer

This scientific article examines the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the textile industry with an emphasis on the automation of the design of weaving weaves. The article discusses research and approaches using neural networks, genetic algorithms, deep learning methods and computer vision to create, optimize and analyze weaves. The main attention is paid to the comparison of existing software solutions that allow automating the design process and significantly improving its productivity, accuracy and quality. The importance of integrating AI and machine learning into the textile industry is emphasized, as this opens up new opportunities for automating processes, improving product quality and increasing the competitiveness of the textile industry at the global level.

Keywords: automation, modern systems, design technologies, computer-aided design, information systems, software, fabric drawings, computer-aided design of weaving patterns, innovations in the textile industry, process optimization, digitalization

The article is devoted to the study of crowd behavior in public buildings during a fire. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of organizing the evacuation of people from a public building is proposed, which makes it possible to take into account the spread of panic among evacuees. The method is based on the development of an evacuation simulation model that takes into account the impact of certain factors on the degree of people's panic, which implements an agent-based approach. The proposed method allows, when describing the psycho-emotional behavior of each agent separately in the process of evacuation, to evaluate the effectiveness of organizing the evacuation of the crowd as a whole. The simulation results on the example of a shopping and entertainment center show that possible panic conditions of evacuees can affect the efficiency of evacuation.

Keywords: evacuation, panic, simulation model, efficiency assessment method, shopping and entertainment complex, agent-based approach

The paper considers the possibility of using waste from the forest industry, construction waste and ash and slag waste from boiler heating as a basis for the creation of biofertilizers and components that improve the structure of heavy soils. The analysis of experience on the impact of crushed bricks, coniferous and leaf litter with the inclusion of wood components, and ash and slag waste of boiler heating on the growth functions of red clover and watercress over various time intervals is presented. The possibility of using the presented waste in the process of self-infestation of territories is considered. A number of experiments have been conducted to identify the phytotoxic effect, as well as the reaction of general inhibition or stimulation of growth indicators of higher plants when used as a substrate in pure form, or a mixture with natural soil, wood components, samples of ash and slag waste of various shelf life, brick fighting.

Keywords: forest industry waste, construction waste, broken bricks, ash and slag waste, self-fouling, phytotoxicity, soil structure, morphological changes of plants

The influence of the ratio of fly ash and blast furnace slag in a geopolymer binder on the properties of concrete hardening during heat and humidity treatment was studied. The article obtained data on the influence of the binder composition on the workability of the concrete mixture, the strength and shrinkage of concrete. The dependences of the influence of hardening temperature and the proportion of slag in the binder on the strength of geopolymer concrete were established. The results obtained made it possible to recommend the studied binder and concrete based on it for pilot industrial production of prefabricated reinforced concrete.

Keywords: geopolymer binder, fly ash, blast furnace slag, concrete, strength, workability, water absorption, shrinkage

This article presents a research study dedicated to the application of the YOLOv8 neural network model for road sign detection. During the study, a model based on YOLOv8 was developed and trained, which successfully detects road signs in real-time. The article also presents the results of experiments in which the YOLOv8 model is compared to other widely used methods for sign detection. The obtained results have practical significance in the field of road traffic safety, offering an innovative approach to automatic road sign detection, which contributes to improving speed control, attentiveness, and reducing accidents on the roads.

Keywords: machine learning, road signs, convolutional neural networks, image recognition

Outlier detection is an important area of data research in various fields. The aim of the study is to provide a non-exhaustive overview of the features of using methods for detecting outliers in data based on various machine learning techniques: supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised. The article outlines the features of the application of certain methods, their advantages and limitations. It has been established that there is no universal method for detecting outliers suitable for various data, therefore, the choice of a particular method for the implementation of research should be made based on an analysis of the advantages and limitations inherent in the chosen method, with the obligatory consideration of the capabilities of the available computing power and the characteristics of the available data, in including those including their classification into outliers and normal data, as well as their volume.

Keywords: outliers, machine learning, outlier detection, data analysis, data mining, big data, principal component analysis, regression, isolating forest, support vector machine

Sustainable development of urban areas and reduction of negative impacts on the environment is possible through the rational use of energy resources. At the same time, reducing the energy intensity of the existing housing stock, given the unsatisfactory technical condition of a large number of buildings and structures of old construction, and the construction of new energy-efficient buildings is one of the priorities in our country. A qualitatively new approach to solving problems of energy saving in urban planning provides the use of geographic information systems, which make it possible, using mechanisms to support management decision-making and automation of processes associated with spatial analysis, to develop programs to reduce the energy intensity of buildings and the long-term development of the electricity and heat supply system in the municipality.

Keywords: energy saving, energy efficiency, reduction of energy intensity, energy efficient technologies, urban reconstruction

The article analyzes the architectural and compositional features of the resort architecture of the city of Sochi using the example of three sanatoriums, which are unique objects of high historical and architectural value for the city’s historical and cultural environment. The authors examine the volumetric-spatial features and compositional solutions of buildings created in the 1930s. The analysis is presented using the example of the following sanatoriums: sanatoriums named after K.E. Voroshilov, “Gornyiy vozduh” and Lengorzdrav (named after S.M. Kirov). In the final part of the article, conclusions are drawn about the architectural and compositional features of the resort architecture of the 1930s in the city of Sochi. The article is published based on the results of the research work “Volume-spatial features of the period of constructivism in Sochi using the example of sanatorium-resort facilities”, as part of a grant competition for research work by students of St. Petersburg State University of Civil Engineering in 2023.

Keywords: resort architecture of Sochi, architectural and compositional features, sanatorium, constructivism, marine facade, spatial structure

The paper considers the problem of the arrangement of the abutments of newly erected driveways and roads of agricultural production enterprises to existing roads and driveways. When connecting the "pies" of the roadways of the projected driveways with the existing landscaping, it is necessary to solve the problem of preventing cracking in the coating at the places of the thickness difference of the structural layers. In the article, this problem is solved both from the technical side, by ensuring the joint work of the new and existing road structure, and from the normative one by assigning the projected passage to the IVB category road, in accordance with SP 37.13330.2012, which allows the construction of a road with curbs without curbs and, as a consequence, without storm sewers and sewage treatment plants.

Keywords: road network, cadastral boundaries, the design of the widening of the passage, the technical solution of the junction of roads, transverse profile

Economic development directly depends on the creation of a network of roads of the highest category. Major road construction requires large capital investments and less funds are allocated for the operation of existing roads and infrastructure. Instead of replacing bridge structures, it is necessary to use their reconstruction. The article discusses the problem of reconstruction of bridge structures, namely the restoration of carrying capacity, which has decreased during many years of operation. The relevance of the study, its goals and objectives are noted. A classification of reinforcement structures according to various criteria is proposed. The types of bridge reinforcements often used in practice, their advantages and disadvantages, are analyzed. The presented material is illustrated with photographs of objects. Successful reconstruction directly depends on the qualifications of designers and contractors, since with insufficient reinforcement, the span continues to work and is overloaded and gradually collapses. A modern method of reinforcement based on the use of carbon composite is presented. Significant disadvantages of this method for strengthening bridges and its modification using a tensioning device to secure and tension the carbon lamellas have been noted. The use of a tensioning device allows the superstructure to be partially unloaded from permanent and temporary loads. The main conclusions are presented.

Keywords: bridge, strengthening, reconstruction, truss, carbon composite, lamella, load-carrying capacity, load-bearing capacity, tension

Models of open-loop and closed-loop systems for automatic control of air supply to a steam boiler are constructed. An open-loop system is modeled and, on its basis, a closed-loop system with a PI controller tuned to the optimum modulo is developed. The introduction of a frequency converter into the control system for more economical and gentle operation of the fan electric drive is considered. The developed system consists of models of a controller, a frequency converter, an asynchronous motor and a blower fan. The simulation results are presented, demonstrating the operability of the resulting system in compliance with the requirements for stability and speed. The modernized closed system has a number of advantages over the existing open one, and the described method of its construction can be applied when implemented at enterprises using air blowers.

Keywords: automatic pressure control system, automatic control system, closed system, open system, PI controller, modular optimum

One of the actual problems in the field of analysing loads and impacts on bearing structures is their identification. It means the point of application, the type of action and its intensity in cases where there is an impact result, but the parameters that caused this result are not determined. For example, it is an accident action, as a result of which the structure is deformed and collapsed. The solution of such problems arises when analysing accidents on load-bearing structures in construction, as well as when monitoring the deformed state of structures in time. The paper proposes to use the principles of neural network modelling to solve the problem of identifying the impact in the form of a concentrated force on the example of beam systems. The values of linear and angular nodal displacements at some action are considered as input data to neurons. As an example, the linearly deformable beam of constant stiffness is considered, the material of which is a continuous isotropic medium.

Keywords: neural network, deflections, load-bearing structure, displacement, deformation, identification

This study is a pilot one. The purpose of the study is to identify the nature of the relationship between Poisson's ratio and cohesion, on the example of a soil mass. The main objective of the study is to identify the dependence of Poisson's ratio and cohesion coefficient to obtain the fracture limit of the material (in this study of soil massif) - plastic flows in the material. The study is conducted by methods of mathematical modeling. In order to achieve the objective, it is necessary to justify the possibility of performing this experiment by means of boundary value problem, and to perform the ranking of the number of numerical experiments by experiment planning method to obtain the extrema. Next, it is necessary to perform the numerical experiment itself to reveal the relationship between Poisson's ratio and cohesion. The obtained data will be used to compose the inverse problem when testing a new Russian software product in the field of geotechnical and geomechanical modeling.

Keywords: Poisson's ratio, cohesion, soil massif, numerical experiment, finite element method, mathematical modelling, plastic flow, deformation, stress

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of the formation of organizational and technical systems of the "cyberpolygons" class using the original methodological apparatus for the feasibility study of system engineering solutions for their construction. The features of existing approaches to the justification of system engineering solutions for the construction of organizational and technical systems, information technology and technical systems are considered. Directions for their development are proposed, taking into account the dynamics of the phased creation and modernization of organizational and technical systems with simultaneously developing infrastructure projects and solutions. Formal aspects in the methodological apparatus are reflected in the change in the composition of the functional components in the conceptual and analytical models, the corresponding formal descriptions of their relationships and characteristics, as well as in the modification of the procedures for the technical and economic assessment of options for building a cyberpolygon. The method of technical and economic evaluation of options for constructing a cyberpolygon proposed in this study makes it possible to rank alternative options for the infrastructures of the created cyberpolygon according to the value of their technical and economic efficiency and to select the rational one from them.

Keywords: information security, infrastructure, cyberpolygon, feasibility study, means of protection