In the field of design and construction of transport facilities, in particular railway transport, Industry 4.0 technologies are gradually being used. In the transport industry, the concept of "digital twins" - a computer representation of a real object - has become especially widespread. The basis for "digital twins" are information models (TIM-models). At the present stage of the development of these technologies, the method of applying TIM for linear-broaching objects has not been worked out to the end. This paper considers the experience of designing railway infrastructure facilities using information modeling technologies in Russia and in the world. The concept of the methodology for the practical implementation of information modeling technology for railway infrastructure facilities at the design stage is proposed. The main limitations of the presented methodology and ways to overcome them are considered.

Keywords: BIM, information model, railways, railway information modeling technologies, information modeling methodology

One of the methods for strengthening connections in steel trusses made of cold-formed welded profiles is the use of plate overlays. This article presents their influence on increasing the strength of connections according to the criterion of bearing capacity under compression. The investigations were conducted using the component finite element method. The obtained dependencies of the increase in bearing capacity are demonstrated based on the width and angle of the brace connection. An engineering methodology has been developed to assess the strength of the reinforced connection under compression, utilizing a traditional formula from Russian design standards with the substitution of the thickness of the chord by the equivalent thickness.

Keywords: : reinforcement, connections, cold-formed profiles, bearing capacity, compression

The article analyzes the shaping of buildings and structures in modern architectural practice. Form in architecture is primarily a means of expressing and translating concepts. It's also what ultimately fills and divides the space we live in. Form in architecture can have great symbolic and cultural significance and can transform a space for the better or for the worse. The simplest of the forms are known as primary forms. The main shapes include circles, triangles and squares. Each form can be created by a combination of basic forms. When rotated or expanded, basic shapes can create three-dimensional volumes known as basic bodies. In modern architectural practice, it is very common to resort to the use of complex shapes created using spatial curves. The task of the architect is a complete visual representation of such forms in drawings, as well as using modern software graphics packages. The article raises the problem of the correct interpretation of architectural forms formed by such spatial curves (using the Hilbert curve as an example).

Keywords: architecture, spatial curves, axonometric projections, Hilbert curve, modernism, shaping, ornamentation, space

The article presents and substantiates the structure of the original combined pathospecific measuring device for the diagnosis of glaucoma, which will allow for a comprehensive analysis of the hydro- and hemodynamics of the eye and thereby improve the quality of glaucoma diagnosis. Based on this structure, a detailed metrological analysis of this installation as a means of biomedical measurements was given in the work. Brief conclusions on the work are given and prospects for the further development of the project are determined.

Keywords: combined pathospecific measuring device, tonometry, rheography, sphygmography

Prompt adjustment of the composition of the asphalt concrete mixture is key to achieving high quality asphalt concrete. To enable easy and rapid adjustment of the asphalt concrete mixture formulation, predicting the properties of asphalt concrete (Marshall stability) is critically important. There are many methods for predicting the properties of asphalt concrete, but the choice of one method or another is a very pressing problem. This article proposes two methods for forecasting Marshall stability: forecasting using a multiple linear regression model and forecasting using an autoregressive model. To evaluate the forecasting accuracy of models, we use two metrics: average absolute error (MAE) and average absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the study show that the autoregressive model exhibits better forecasting results, especially the second-order autoregressive model.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, control, composition adjustment, forecasting, multiple linear regression model, autoregression model, Marshall stability, forecast accuracy, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error

The article considered retail as a system that includes complex systems. involves consideration of a proposed system associated with multiple non-linear relationships and the presence of hidden influences. Proposed an application of the algorithm for solving a reverse problem during strategic planning in retail to help in understanding complex processes that change depending on the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategy.

Keywords: strategic planning, retail, reverse modeling perspective, fuzzy cognitive maps, management in complex systems

When erythrocytes move along a narrow capillary, they take an asymmetric shape and roll along the capillary like a tractor caterpillar (tank - treading motion). The shape of the erythrocyte is approximated by a truncated cylinder and is uniquely determined by the diameter of the erythrocyte in the capillary, the volume and surface area of the erythrocyte. Other input parameters are the speed of the erythrocyte in the capillary, the frequency of rotation of the erythrocyte membrane, the charge of the erythrocyte, and the number of closed trajectories along which the charges move. It is assumed that the negative charges located on the membrane are equal in magnitude and distributed evenly over the membrane and move along closed trajectories together with the membrane. From the last parameters, you can find the number of charges on the erythrocyte membrane. According to the Biot-Savart-Laplace law, mobile charges generate a magnetic field in the surrounding space. Using computer calculations, the distributions of the magnetic field strength were obtained both near a single erythrocyte rolling along a narrow capillary, and near a capillary along which several erythrocytes move, at various values of hematocrit. The dependence of the maximum value of the magnetic field strength near the capillary on the hematocrit is found. In particular, it was shown that at a distance from the capillary equal to 8 capillary diameters, the maximum value of the magnetic field strength increases by a factor of 1.29–1.36 (depending on direction) with increasing hematocrit from 12.27% to 18.25%.

Keywords: mathematical model, magnetic field, charge, membrane, erythrocyte, capillary, hematocrit

The article is devoted to mathematical modeling of construction of underwater tunnels intended for subway. This type of tunnels can also be used as railway and road tunnels. The most interesting are underwater tunnels-bridges and floating tunnels, but the most perspective and most frequent are tunnels located at the bottom of water barrier.

Keywords: underwater tunnel, subway, finite element method, leave section method, mathematical modeling, construction technology stages, transport tunnel, stress-strain state

Yemeni cities are urbanizing so rapidly that there will soon be no room for green spaces. In this regard, there is a need to find solutions to provide citizens with the "green" infrastructure necessary for life and health. This article presents the results of an urban planning analysis of the study of existing territorial reserves suitable for the formation of the "green" frame of the city of Ibb, their capacity and structure. Based on the analytical data obtained, the concept of the "green" frame of the city of Ibb was proposed, on the basis of which the system of architectural and urban planning principles for organizing the "green" recreational frame of the Yemeni highland cities was expanded and supplemented.

Keywords: urban planning, urban greening, sustainable development of the city, landscape design, urban environment, reconstruction

This article is devoted to the study of the European experience of designing sustainable architecture in the process of renovation of former port-industrial complexes. The purpose of the study is to identify current trends and approaches to the design of sustainable architecture, taking into account the specifics of the place. The analysis of the experience of Denmark, Sweden and Germany in the transformation of former port-industrial complexes in the context of sustainable architecture is carried out according to a number of criteria: urban planning solution, spatial and architectural planning solution, stylization of the image of new buildings, criteria for energy efficiency and environmental friendliness; economic and social sustainability. The emphasis is placed on the study of the formation of the architectural appearance of buildings. The importance of the interaction of architecture with the environment and context when creating a marine facade is emphasized. The identified design approaches can be used in research, design and educational activities.

Keywords: architecture, building, sustainable, eco-friendly, design, port, industrial, renovation, project, function, facade, context, european, approach

Nitrogen oxides are one of the most common and toxic gaseous air pollutants of large industrial centers. The main difficulty of cleaning gas emissions is related to the dependence of the efficiency of the applied cleaning technologies on the NOx concentration, the frequency of emissions, the need for processing and/or disposal of products of interaction of nitrogen oxides with absorbers and regeneration of catalysts. The article analyzes the features of currently used and promising methods of cleaning waste gases from NOx, systematizes data on the effectiveness of such technologies. Based on the analysis of the processes of formation of nitrogen oxides, rational approaches to reducing NOx emissions in metal etching technology and electroplating are proposed.

Keywords: nitrogen oxides, biogenic and technogenic sources, catalytic and non-catalytic purification, selective purification, absorption purification, comparative efficiency

The article deals with the issues of assessing the effectiveness of the construction and operation of metal corrugated pipes. The characteristic features and difficulties of the operation of corrugated metal culverts in areas of permafrost distribution are revealed. The characteristics of the main defects of culverts are systematized. The features of thermophysical calculations of metal corrugated pipes on a frozen base are analyzed in detail. Recommendations are given on the application of the most effective technical solutions in the construction of corrugated metal culverts on permafrost soils.

Keywords: highway, culverts, metal corrugated pipes, thermal conductivity, permafrost soils

Investigation of ways to accelerate the training of neural networks using genetic algorithms and the study of the dependence of the speed of genetic algorithms on the mutation rate. In this study, a program was implemented on the Unity graphics platform using genetic algorithms and mutations to determine their optimal coefficient. The experiment showed that the learning rate really depends on the mutation rate, and the highest learning rate was obtained at 5-7,5%.

Keywords: machine learning, deep learning, genetic algorithm, optimization, neural network, artificial neuron, mutation, artificial intelligence, non-player character, optimization

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of practical calculations of driven and bored piles, which have similar geometric parameters and common geological conditions of construction sites. Taking into account the peculiarities of the use of these piles and the available experimental data, the paper analyzes the calculated values of their bearing capacity and gives an engineering assessment of the results of the calculation. The quantitative difference between the determined parameters of the bearing capacity of piles - friction along the lateral surface and frontal resistance, is clearly shown in the constructed diagrams. So, when using the standard values of the coefficients to determine the bearing capacity of piles, we have a significant excess of this parameter for driven piles. The need to use more gentle methods of driving piles to the design depth leads to the possibility of using the technology of arranging bored piles, which have a lower bearing capacity with the same parameters as driven piles. This feature should be taken into account in engineering calculations when selecting the optimal dimensions of bored piles.

Keywords: driven piles, bored piles, geological conditions, engineering calculations, bearing capacity

In the article, the authors examine the problem of ensuring cybersecurity in the modern world in terms of the study of social practices. The implemented cyber attacks are analyzed, and the danger of hacker attacks is shown. With a fair amount of evidence, it can be stated that in the modern world, the risks associated with cyber intrusions can include the loss or disclosure of consumer data, theft or disclosure of intellectual property, as well as the loss of investors as a result of the theft of funds or a decrease in the market value of companies subjected to cyber attacks. It is concluded that cybersecurity is a constantly evolving landscape, and now there is an urgent need to constantly learn from both our own experience and the experience of other companies countering cyber attacks effectively, and it is also important that successful interaction with adversaries in cyberspace requires a constant pursuit of a tactical, operational and strategic initiative.

Keywords: cyber wars, cognitive modeling, cyber attacks, hacker attacks, cyber risks, cyber defense