This article presents the results of the study, the impact of recreation on a person, the functions of recreation are presented and studied, classifications are proposed and, taking this into account, the types of recreational activities are derived.

Keywords: industrial buildings, interior space, architecture, recreational areas, interior gardening, architectural forms

The article reveals the main aspects of the formation and evolution of the planning framework of the studied cities of the Lower Don and Azov region (Rostov-on-Don, Nakhichevan-on-Don, Taganrog and Novocherkassk). Particular attention is paid to the formation of both integral systems and individual squares in the structure of these cities. The main periods of architectural and planning evolution of the cities under consideration are determined.

Keywords: city square, Rostov-on-Don, Nakhichevan-on-Don, Taganrog, Novocherkassk, master plan, urban development

The analysis carried out in the article showed that the sacred architecture of Ingushetia is represented not by separate objects, but by sacred complexes, which always include three objects of worship, corresponding to the triune deity appearing in three persons: the main male deity, the secondary male deity and the female deity. The second conclusion related to the first, all sacred complexes of Ingushetia can be attributed to Christian architecture. Four groups of sacred complexes were identified: the temple of Thaba-Erda, general atronymic significance, patronymic significance, generic complexes. The last two groups are discussed in detail. It was revealed that sacred complexes reflect the processes of nativization of Christianity, both in the interaction of Christian and pagan mythology, and in the deification of the nature of a particular place. The architecture of each object individually may seem primitive, but the architecture of the entire complex as a whole, including the path from object to object, views of the surrounding space of mountains and gorges, a system of sacred trees and stones along this path, the movement of the sun is a unique phenomenon.

Keywords: medieval architecture of Ingushetia, sacred complexes, traditional cultures, nativization of Christian culture

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the architectural features of the sacred complexes of Galgai-che of the XIII-XIV centuries. on the territory of Ingushetia. In the context of the natural-spatial arrangement, the manifestations of religious contamination in the spatial organization and external forms of "folk" temples are considered. The originality of the options for "folk" temple building was revealed. The peculiarities of temples characteristic of late Nestorianism were revealed. This method is used for the first time to study the sacred complexes of Ingushetia. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that a comprehensive study of planning, space-dimensional solutions and construction equipment of churches allows us to confirm their dating and attribution, to establish the chronological proximity of the monuments.

Keywords: Folk temple building, architecture of the Middle Ages, traditional architecture of the Vainakhs

The article outlines the history of the development and formation of the landscape gardening art of Central Asia, which was based on the centuries-old tradition of landscape architecture, and shows that the landscapes of cities did not remain stable over time and depended on water supply and ways of distributing watercourses in the territory. The utilitarian purpose of the open structure of water conduits in the past determined the planning structure of the city. The improvement of the urban environment, where gardens, parks, squares, seedlings of green spaces were formed, boulevards with wide straight paved streets were also created. Such a similarity came from European cities, this urban planning tactic in the conditions of rapid, close construction began to violate the medieval appearance of the city of Khujand, Samarkand, Ura-Tyube, etc.

Keywords: improvement, landscape, Central Asia, urban environment, boulevard, urban planning, architecture, gardening art, architecture

The article is devoted to a comprehensive urban planning analysis of the building along Lenin Avenue in Rostov-on-Don in the 1960s-1980s. The construction of the district was the initial stage of the introduction urban trends of modernism into the architectural practice of the city. Based on the study of historical materials and the real situation, schemes have been drawn up: dating, height and materials of buildings, the cultural and consumer services and the functioning of the district. The basic principles of planning residential areas typical for Rostov-on-Don in the 1960s are outlined.

Keywords: architecture of the 1960s-1980s, Soviet modernism, urban planning, residential areas, Lenina Avenue, Rostov-on-Don

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the cinema buildings, which were built in Rostov-on-Don in the 1960s-1980s. The principles of cinema placement in the urban environment are considered and their urban planning role is established. The functional and planning features of cinemas, which were built according to standard and unique projects, are indicated. It's carried out their complex architectural and artistic analysis. As a result the characteristic features of modernist architecture are identified in the solutions of the studied cinemas.

Keywords: architecture of the 1960s-1980s, Soviet modernism, cinemas, standard projects, unique buildings, Rostov-on-Don

The article is devoted to the stylistic and iconographic analysis of the relief decor of the White Church in the village of Taglan (Abkhazia) in the context of the medieval sculpture of Abkhazia, the identification of analogues of the studied reliefs in the sculpture of Georgia, Armenia, Alania, Byzantium and their dating. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that a detailed study of the sculptural decoration of the White Temple with. Taglan is being undertaken for the first time, comparison with the identified analogues allows presumably dating the reliefs of the XI-XII centuries.

Keywords: medieval architecture and sculpture of Abkhazia, reliefs of the temple

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the architectural features of the medieval temples of Simon the Cananite in New Athos (Abkhazia) and the Northern Zelenchuksky in Karachay-Cherkessia (Russian Federation) in the context of three-courtyard temples, the study of prototypes of their architectural forms, the description of the results of the analysis of building solutions of temples based on the X-ray phase method. This method is used for the study of these temples for the first time. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that a comprehensive study of the planning, spatial solution and building material of the temples of Simon Kananit and Northern Zelenchuksky, based on the results of physico-chemical analysis, allows us to confirm their dating to the X century and establish the chronological proximity of the two monuments.

Keywords: medieval architecture of Abkhazia and Alanya, three court temples, X-ray phase analysis

In the complex of urban planning measures that contribute to a decrease in the intensity of direct solar radiation and air temperature with an increase in air humidity, an important role belongs to various elements of the green planting system. The article considers the health-improving efficiency of green spaces of typical reconstructed urban planning situations at the design stage - from the master plan to the project of detailed planning of urban areas in the southern region with a hot climate.

Keywords: urban planning, reconstruction, residential development, climate, environment, solar radiation, landscaping, landscaping, planning, microdistrict, quarter, residential yard

The symbolic meaning of the petroglyph in the form of human hand, distributed on the territory of the Chechen Republic is explored in detail in the presented article. For the first time it is made an attempt to associate the interpretation of the values of the petroglyph with its location on the ancestral tower. Among the main meanings are the following: the possession, the creative activity, as well as the strength and the protection. The specific residential and military towers with a description of the petroglyph and its location are considering. Besides the common images of the hand the unique petroglyphs are explored (such as: the hand in the circle, the hand with the arrow and also the image with the hypertrophic sizes of the hands). The traditions and the rites, the way of the life and the religious beliefs which are prevalent in the territory of the Chechen Republic, are used as a basis for the interpretation of the meaning of the petroglyph. Based on the comparison with the usage examples of a similar symbol in the world cultures and religions it is concluded that the picture of the human hand carries in itself, mainly, protective and benevolent function. The article was published in the framework of the program of the International Forum ""Victorious may 1945"".

Keywords: concrete, centrifugation, uniformity of structure, layer-by-layer introduction of components, compaction, water absorption at capillary suction, strength

The article gives a systematic review of the architectural composition of the oldest capital urban complex of the North Caucasus – the fortress of Derbent. On the material of historical sources stages of urban planning are reconstructed, the role of economic and foreign policy factors in the development of the urban environment in historical retrospect is shown.

Keywords: industry history, architecture, urban planning

This article discusses the basic principles of the use of structural membranes in the reconstruction of buildings and structures. Three principles of intervention in the existing architecture are described in detail. The first is to preserve the historical appearance and character of the building. The second is the scale of the new and old parts of the building. The third is the difference and the possibility of reorganizing new designs. The characteristics of the goals, the achievement of which each of these principles is directed, are given. Using the example of several buildings, we analyzed the use of textile membranes to achieve the main goals of reconstruction, described the positive and negative aspects of restoration using textile membranes. These buildings include: a church on a hill in Corbera d'Ebr, Spain (roof restoration), the central courtyard of the Palacio de Mineria, Mexico (creating coverage over a yard area), Salzburg residence, Austria (sliding roof). In conclusion, conclusions were made about the advantages of using membranes for the preservation of historical heritage and possible prospects for the development of fields of application of this design.

Keywords: architecture, membranes, reconstruction, restoration, structural structures

The article deals with the human activity that is carried out in the spatial-geometrical conditions of the city. The main interest presents the distribution of forms an activity on the territory of the urban area. The allocation identified the social and functional frames or carcases, which characterized by the consolidation of properties, density, sparsity, and scattering. The skeletons set the degree of mixed use and diversity activities, and track the social and functional processes of their dynamics and changes in the spatial and geometrical properties of the urban environment.

Keywords: Human activities, spatial and geometric conditions, distribution activities, social and functional carcases, consolidation and diversity of activities

The basis of the state policy of preservation of cultural heritage objects is the maintenance of the state register of such objects. The occasion for inclusion in the register are recorded in a special document . This document is The draft of the subject matter of protection (DSMP). The paper discusses the methodological issues of the development of this document. The principles that should be the basis for the formation of the project are formulated. In modern practice, the development of DSMP is carried out mainly by architects with the participation of art historians. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the role of the engineer-restorer in the research of features, authenticity, historical and cultural value of structures and other engineering aspects of the existence of the monument. This is confirmed in the analysis of literary sources, and follows from the practical experience of the authors. In conclusion, the article formulates proposals for the content of the work of the engineer-restorer and measures to enhance its role in developing the DSMP.

Keywords: draft subject of protection, cultural heritage, historical and cultural monument, engineer-restorer, historical constructions

The article presents the results of the research of architectural and spatial features of the monument of historical and architectural heritage of Guinea. On the basis of the analysis of objects-analogues and architectural measurements carried out virtual reconstruction of volume-space, space-planning and constructive solutions destroyed at the present time the Palace of the ruler Samori Ture, who founded at the end of the XIX century military-strategic center-the Royal quarter of Sanancoro, which was the center of the anti-colonial struggle in Guinea.

Keywords: virtual reconstruction, architectural-spatial decision, constructions, Guinea, palace, end of XIX century

The history of development of small hotels in different time periods is considered in the article: ancient Greece, the Middle Ages, pre-revolutionary Russia of the 17th-19th centuries. Two main historical forms of small hotels in Russia in the 18-19 centuries are compared: an inn and a tavern. The main approaches to studying the typology of small hotels in the Soviet Union are covered. Considered the changes that have occurred in the architecture of small hotels in recent decades. There are several important modern architectural models of small hotels (small hotel and complex of restaurant and hotel), as a return to the historical forms of small hotels (inn and tavern).

Keywords: Small hotels, architecture, inn, tavern, architectural model, architectural design, architectural typology, design principles, optimal capacity, functional areas, complex of restaurant and hotel

The article lists problems that were resolved by the restoration of the Church in the village of Petrovka of the Rostov region. There is a brief historical note about the object. Changing the configuration of the building considered over time. The decoration of the temple are described. A brief survey of the temple is presented. In the course of these tests the authorship of the temple is installed, and also its date of construction, materials. Proposals for its restoration are considered. The implementation of the rehabilitation works describes briefly. Methods of the object`s recovery are specified.

Keywords: temple, recovery, architect I. O. Valprede, decor, plastic facades, eclectic style, constructive solutions