The development of modern cities, caused by the need to improve the living environment, contributes to the creation of new buildings and structures. As a result, the density of typical urban development increases, mainly with rectangular buildings. Such buildings, with closed areas of courtyard spaces, create extreme microclimatic conditions and aggravate the air exchange of territories, thereby violating thermal and environmental comfort. This situation is especially acute in the southern cities. The article analyzes the influence of modern typical building on the microclimatic conditions of yard spaces. The factors influencing the formation of the heat and wind regime of urban areas have been identified. On the example of a building with a characteristic orientation for the conditions of Dushanbe, a graphical-analytical calculation of the duration of facade insolation was carried out. The role of insolation in the formation of convective flows of thermal origin is determined. On the basis of field studies, changes in the maximum speed of convective flows near the walls of the building were determined. The role of convective flows of thermal origin in the formation of the heat-wind regime of yard spaces is indicated.

Keywords: spherical buildings, ecology, energy consumption, energy efficiency, heat loss, air exchange, environment, enclosing structures

The paper provides an overview of research in the field of modeling the heights of urban areas. The diversification of building heights leads to an uneven distribution of urban climate parameters. Building height maps can help improve urban management. The reviewed papers outline methods for urban scale modeling based on image recognition. Urban geometric models are built for the cities of the United Arab Emirates, China, Germany, and Japan. The research shows that both radar and optical models can be used to predict building height, but a synergistic combination of both data sources produces the best results. However, there is currently no globally agreed spatially detailed survey of the distribution and concentration of the building stock. Understanding of vertical urbanization should complement the horizontal urbanization and help sustainable land use and urban planning.

Keywords: high-rise buildings, urbanization, urban scale modeling, urban morphology, urban microclimate, Google Earth, air flow, thermal environment, wind environment, calculation of building heights

Atmospheric air is the most important life-supporting natural environment that has developed during the evolution of the Earth. The results of environmental studies, both in Russia and abroad, indicate that pollution of the surface atmosphere is the most powerful, constantly acting factor of impact on humans, the food chain and the environment. In this regard, the urgency of the deterioration of the ecology of the surface environment in modern cities has increased disproportionately. The development of modern cities, caused by the need to improve the living environment, contributes to the creation of new buildings and structures, the development of transport and engineering infrastructure. As a result, the density of urban development and the congestion of transport networks increase, which leads to environmental pollution and complicates the ecological situation in cities. The article analyzes the ecology of the largest cities in Russia using the example of the city of St. Petersburg and assesses the aerodynamics of urban space. Convective flows occurring in the urban space are identified as one of the important factors in improving the ecology of the urban environment. The analysis of such factors as harmful emissions from vehicles and disturbed due to dense development of air exchange in urban areas, affecting the ecology of urban space.

Keywords: ecology, aerodynamics, air exchange, air pollution, transport infrastructure, high-rise building, urban development, aeration, energy consumption

Southern cities with hot and calm climate conditions, located on difficult terrain due to the lack of sufficient aeration, are in an extreme ecological situation. Urban construction on difficult terrain affects the established local microclimate by changing the structure of the environment and hydrogeological conditions. In addition, the development of urban space and the construction of modern multi-storey buildings significantly affect the aerodynamics of the environment and ecology. In the article, on the basis of the analysis of the climatic parameters of the cities of Sochi, Makhachkala and field observations, the conditions under which the local air circulation is formed, contributing to the improvement of the ecological situation, are revealed. Models of the formation of aeration of urban space for different types of landscaping have been constructed The analysis performed will make it possible to correctly assess the factors influencing the formation of aeration of thermal origin and their role in improving the ecology of cities with hot and calm climate conditions.

Keywords: wind, buildings, structures, landscaping, space, climate, region, analysis, landscape, aeration, ecology