The work is devoted to the stages of the formation of the city embankment. Its evolution from the port-trading and warehouse zone to the recreational. The continuity of the idea of "turning face to the river" of the city passing from project to project before World War II and after, which was realized only in the late 40s. The evolution of the descents to the embankment, originally created for trade needs, later became recreational zones, completed with monumental stairs.
Keywords: descent, architecture, project, city plan, VN Semenov, Ya. A. Rebain, implementation, restoration, bridge, project
At the beginning of the 19th century balconies usually arranged in a mansion on the second floor. Most often, they were made of wooden structures with their own vertical supports. In the second half of the 19th century the use of cast-iron and steel struts rail rolling. Balcony plates are in the form of brick svodikov on rails. In tenement houses balconies began to carry out the scheme on the console (embedded in the masonry exterior walls), departure balconies declined.
At the beginning of the 20th century in the construction of a new material - concrete. Supporting structures balconies as steel beams cantilevered embedded in the masonry. Filling the balcony slabs of concrete performed (rubble mixed with concrete, rebar steel rod in the form of a knitted mesh).
In the mid-60 ÷ early 70s. 20th century 5-storey buildings with brick walls were used precast concrete balcony slabs, cantilever embedded in the masonry (250 mm).
Keywords: construction, structural systems, walls, balconies, beams, sealing, coving, method