In this paper we propose mathematical model of implicit-pole synchronous generator of mini-CHP. The model is based on a full Park-Gorev differential equation. The saturation of the machine is taken by using the method of partial magnetic characteristics. This method allows most accurate evaluation of the change of parameters of an equivalent circuit of the nonsalient-pole generator in the absence of information about the magnetic properties of the machine. The model is Implemented in Simulink. Application of the model is possible when calculating the steady-state and transients in distribution electrical net wich contains implicit-pole synchronous generators.

Keywords: nonsalient-pole synchronous generator, implicit-pole generator, mathematical model, Park-Gorev differential equation, magnetic characteristics, transients

In this paper we propose mathematical model of salient-pole synchronous generator of mini-CHP. The model is based on a full Park-Gorev differential equation. The saturation of the machine is taken by using the method of partial magnetic characteristics. This method allows most accurate evaluation of the change of parameters of an equivalent circuit of the generator in the absence of information about the magnetic properties of the machine. The model is Implemented in Simulink. Application of the model is possible when calculating the steady-state and transients in distribution electrical net wich contains salient pole synchronous generators.

Keywords: salient-pole synchronous generator, mathematical model, Park-Gorev differential equation, magnetic characteristics, transients

Currently in the Russian market appeared a large number of light sources and lighting devices of different manufacturers. This creates great difficulties for selecting the most energy-efficient and reliable light sources. To solve the problem, we propose the concept of estimating the life cycle cost. In the article the technique of an economic choice of lighting devices on the basis of "life cycle cost" depending on the hours of lighting per year. The calculations for retrofit (standard and halogen incandescent, compact fluorescent and led lamps) and linear (office fixtures with fluorescent lamps as well as similar led) lighting devices. The calculations are performed taking into account the discounting. Identified the most cost-effective sources of indoor lighting for public and municipal institutions, depending on the hours of lighting per year.

Keywords: the choice of lighting, life cycle cost, economic analysis

Federal Law 261-FZ dated November 23, 2009 introduces a list of organizations subject to mandatory energy audit including development of energy passports and energy efficiency programs. However, the fact of the audit (the presence of energy certificates and energy saving program) is not an indicator of energy efficiency of the organizations surveyed. Currently, the main criteria are the specific energy consumption per square meter of floor space, the presence of meters, the availability of energy service contracts (according to the order of Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation dated October 24, 2011 #591). These criteria do not allow to assess comprehensively the efforts of the staff to improve energy efficiency of the object. The authors have developed methodology allowing to determine the level of energy efficiency of the object (building, group of buildings) based on objective and subjective factors. The proposed approach makes it possible to rank different objects according to their level of energy efficiency, it allows to develop investment programs aimed at energy efficiency improvement in more efficient manner. This method can be used to monitor the energy efficiency of facilities and to assess the quality of energy efficient measures implemented at these objects. Analysis of the indicators in certain areas can detect the most "weak" places for improvement.

Keywords: Energy efficiency, energy saving, specific energy consumption, energy audits, energy efficiency measures, indicators, methodology, monitoring.