The article is a review, devoted to the instruments used for the experimental study of the stress-strain state of the soil base, and methods of their use. The authors considered two types of mesdoses, analyzed the possible advantages of their different designs. General cases of operation and loss of bearing capacity of shallow foundations are described.

Keywords: Foundation, construction, shallow foundation, soil mechanics, building structures, soil stress measuring device

The article discusses the principles of design and arrangement of foundations using soil-lime pads on subsiding soils in special natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tajikistan. Recommendations for the design of bases and foundations for civil buildings for the territory of the republic have been studied and proposed.

Keywords: bases, foundation, subsiding soil, buildings, structures, soil-lime pad, foundation pit, seals, strength, density, pressure

The article is an overview and is devoted to shallow foundations. The authors classify existing shallow foundations according to various criteria; consider non-standard foundations with an "atypical" structure that is rarely used in construction; emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of certain solutions, their features.

Keywords: foundation, construction, shallow foundation, strip foundation, column foundation, building structures

It is known that the voids of the soil are able to absorb water at every opportunity, filling the voids of the skeleton with ground water. The article deals with the deformation of soils under compression, accompanied by the movement of water in the voids of the skeleton. The physical cause of fluid movement is the difference of hydrostatic pressures at different points in its volume. This movement is called the length of the filtration line and depends on the filtration rate. The process of filtering water from the voids of the skeleton under variable pressure will determine the course of compression of the soil skeleton in time. Taking into account that water filtration ceases at the end of deformation, it is possible, by comparing the equations, to obtain for these conditions the desired relationship between the time of complete deformation and the soil filtration coefficient.

Keywords: soil deformation, hydrostatic pressure, water-saturated state, water filtration, stresses of the soil skeleton

The article is devoted to the question of the effectiveness of separate foundations. In particular, a specific version of the foundation with a modified geometry is considered - steps down. The foundation with a stepped sole has a greater bearing capacity and stability, as well as its device requires less labor, which makes it more efficient, analogs with a flat sole.

Keywords: foundation, construction, modified geometry, non-planar sole, soil mechanics, construction efficiency, earthworks, critical pressure

The article describes the method of substantiation of the parameters of strengthening the soil base of a house by cementation through directional hydraulic fracturing. Also describes the work in the laboratory, which allowed to choose the necessary compositions of the cement mixture.

Keywords: reinforcement, soil, comentaron, cementation, directional hydraulic fracturing

The article analyzes the natural conditions of the Northern latitudes of Russia, where the main reserves of fossil hydrocarbons and metals are concentrated. It is shown that mining requires the development of the road network and artificial structures on the roads. It is noted that the most difficult stage in the construction of bridge structures is the construction of foundations. The types used in the Northern latitudes of foundations are considered, and their positive and negative qualities, such as weight, method of construction and volume of earthworks, are noted. The paper emphasizes the relevance of the problem of maintaining the stability of permafrost soils in seasonal thawing and loss of their bearing capacity. Methods of maintaining the soil in a solid state can be natural and artificial. The methods of thermal stabilization of soils, as well as machinery and equipment used in these conditions.

Keywords: permafrost, road network, bridge, polystyrene, superstructure, pile support, Foundation, thermal insulation screen, heat stabilizer

This article describes problems of ensuring the reliability of gas pipelines, one of which is connected with the construction of the North Seas on the shelf in the zone of permafrost soils, the other with the construction of long-distance gas pipelines in difficult hydrological conditions. Were analyzed the existing technical solutions in the light of the above construction conditions. Were revealed the advantages and disadvantages of the considered technologies of construction and transportation of gas are. The research identifies the main factors affecting the reliability and efficiency of design solutions for the construction of gas pipelines in areas with difficult hydrometeorological conditions.

Keywords: reliability of gas pipelines, analysis of technical solutions, complex hydrometeorological conditions, gas transportation

The durability of reinforced concrete and metal structures of the underground structure depends on the design decision of the pavement over the construction and waterproofing of the structure as the most vulnerable part of the structure. The article considers the results of the survey of the state of reinforced concrete and metal structures, slabs and waterproofing coating of the musical theater in Rostov - on - don.Non-compliance with technological requirements in the manufacture of waterproofing coating in the underground garage led to corrosion damage to metal structures

Keywords: durability, concrete and reinforced concrete structures, underground construction, waterproofing, inspection, corrosion damage

He article is devoted to the possibility of using the underground space of schools. The problem of lighting the underground premises of the school space and examples of exits from it: physical, technical and functional are considered. Further, in accordance with the regulations, a list of premises that can be located underground without natural lighting or with minimal lighting is selected, then a classification of these premises is given: sports, canteen, entertainment, educational and household. At the end of the article summarizes the work carried out.

Keywords: modern school, underground rooms, basements, lighting of underground rooms

The modern problem of building of big cities consists that there is almost no place left for the free building. Therefore it is necessary to carry out so-called "pointed building" when construction is conducted in the constrained conditions. At the same time very often construction sites get to an area of coverage of the subway that causes particular difficulties at construction of constructions in deep ditches.

Keywords: modeling, stress-strain, tunnel, subway, deep ditch, pointed building, ditch protection

This article describes two types of a design of the substructure of the offshore ice-resistant fixed platform - metal caisson type and reinforced concrete monobasic type in the conditions of emergence of emergency situations are considered. On the basis of calculations the most acceptable material for application in the conditions of emergence of emergency situation is chosen.

Keywords: oil and gas offshore struture, seismic loadings, finite elements method, 3D model, loads and actions

The methods of injection fixing the soils of the base under the foundations of cultural heritage are considered. The specific examples show the features of soil consolidation by cementation and silicatization methods. The technological features of soil consolidation, taking into account the material of the foundations and the technical condition of cultural heritage sites are given

Keywords: cementation, silicatization, injector, soil, consolidation, foundation, object of cultural heritage, sediment, subsidence, deformation

Existing methods for assessing the plasticity of soils are labour-intensive, and yield the results of low quality. Due to the importance of this parameter for determining the strength of road beds when designing the construction of railways and highways, the development of new efficient methods for its reliable determination is of great importance. In this paper, we propose a method for solving this problem based on the correlation of mechanical and electrical properties of cohesive soils by the example of soil-forming minerals of montmorillonite and kaolinite

Keywords: layered aluminum silicates, soil plasticity, plastic and liquid limits, absorption, swelling, electrical measurements, correlation of mechanical and electrical properties

The analysis of the projects for securing the soil foundations, which are part of the new construction projects of educational institutions in the Rostov region in 2016-18, is carried out. On the example of the construction of schools in the cities of Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Shakhty, Novocherkassk, Aksai and the village of Chaltyr, the main technical and technological solutions for soil consolidation are considered, depending on the engineering and geological conditions of the construction sites

Keywords: cementation, injector, soil, consolidation, foundation, soil piles, retaining walls, sediment, subsidence, deformation

The calculations and assessment of the impact of the built dormitories on the design of the existing building in accordance with the requirements of SP 22.13330.2011 and techniques of the FEM program Plaxis 2012.01 (Build 8962)

Keywords: pile foundations, Plaxis program, Geology

The article describes the design decision to restore the operational reliability of the building of the swimming pool, which is in disrepair. The description of the object with the description of defects is given. The complex of actions for preservation of stability of a slope from landslide and other dangerous engineering-geological processes is offered.

Keywords: Landslide, slope, retaining structure, retaining wall

The article deals with the development of a mathematical model for reducing the cost of building heat storage tanks by using the refrigerating capacity of liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Keywords: liquefied natural gas, LNG, special fortifications, SPS, full isolation mode, heat storage substance, TAB

The development of the mining industry calls for an increase in the technical and economic indicators of tunneling operations. At the same time, with increasing speed of construction, intensity and productivity of drifters, the complication of mining and geological conditions exacerbates the problems associated with ensuring the integrated safety of workers in underground conditions. With an increase in the depth of the trunks, the absolute average values ​​of the duration of individual stages of work increase. The average speed of the construction of the trunks varies slightly and is lower than the normative ones. One of the main reasons for this situation is a large loss of time during the construction period and a low level of work safety. The performed studies show that it is necessary, both to increase the technical equipment of construction, and to improve the organization of work and socio-economic working conditions. The best examples from practice show that this allows you to increase labor productivity by 3 times while ensuring high work safety. At the same time, this approach is not yet widely used in modern Russian practice, where the socio-economic situation of the mining industry remains rather severe, and the level of industrial injuries is the highest in comparison with the rest of the economy. The numerical spatial model is a fragment of a rock mass with a size of 80 to 90 meters, in which the tunnel is connected by a span of 6.0 m, adjacent to the vertical trunk. The mating and trunk in the area under consideration are fixed with reinforced concrete lining 500 mm thick. A universal spatial isoparametric eight-node finite element is used to break up the model. The dimensions of the finite elements on the outer regions of the model were 2.5 - 5.0 m, on the inner - 0.25 - 0.5 m. Thus, the principle of combining dense and rarefied grids was used to reduce the amount of information describing the numerical model. The problem was solved in an elastoplastic formulation by a stepwise iteration method. As a result of calculations, all the components of the volumetric stress tensor in the finite elements of the lining and the rock mass, movement and deformation in the nodes of the finite elements were determined. With the help of the developed numerical models, a series of calculations was performed, an array of data was obtained on the stress-strain state of the lining in the zone of coupling effect, quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. It is established that in characteristic zones of the influence of conjugations, a significant increase in the intensity of equivalent stresses is observed, which leads to a reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the lining by 2 times or more in comparison with extended sections of underground structures. To increase the efficiency of maintaining interfaces during tunnel operation, it is necessary to justify the control actions taking into account the dynamics of changes in the stress-strain state of the lining in space and time.

Keywords: tunnel, shaft, linking, stress-strain state of the rock mass, the concrete lining

The results of a survey of the technical condition of the buildings included in the list of objects of the cultural heritage of the Rostov Region are analyzed. Identified features of the foundations of buildings built in the middle of the XIX - early XX centuries. Recommendations are given on the preliminary assessment of the scope of work on the technical survey of foundations and foundations, as well as restorations for similar buildings constructed in the specified period

Keywords: objects of cultural heritage, bases, foundations, inspection of the technical condition of buildings

The article raises the problem of soil compaction. The analysis of the dependence of the compaction duration on various factors, such as: the type of soil, its humidity, its physical properties, as well as volume. The review of technologies of compaction applied at the moment in construction is given. The results of the technologies used in the construction of the project Yug. The second stage of construction of mnpp Volgograd-Tikhoretsk. GPS of Tinguta"". The study will allow construction companies to assess the economic feasibility of the use of soil compacting machines and mechanisms.

Keywords: compaction, soil moisture, soil density, cohesive soils, unrelated soils, compacting mechanisms, vibration-dynamic effect, compaction depth, effective methods of compaction

The article describes the design solution for the device of enclosing rows of bored piles and pile-anchors, ensuring the stability of the walls of the pit in the construction of structures under construction and excluding their influence on the adjacent structures. The results of calculations of the enclosing series are presented..The article describes the design solution for the device of enclosing rows of bored piles and pile-anchors, ensuring the stability of the walls of the pit in the construction of structures under construction and excluding their influence on the adjacent structures. The results of calculations of the enclosing series are presented.

Keywords: pile a row, the CFA piles-anchors, the fence of the pit

The article presents an analysis of the causes of deformation of the steel tank, built on weak water-saturated highly compressible clay soils. The results of calculations of the soil base deformation and comparison with the data of geodetic observations are presented

Keywords: Foundation, steel tank, soil, hydraulic testing, deformation, inclination, settlement

The article considers the modeling of negative frictional forces in the implementation of the subsidence properties of the foundation soil of the pile foundation. The calculation of various variants of design schemes for RSN has been performed. Based on the calculation results, the analysis of the stressed deformable state of the soil massif was made, the corresponding conclusions were drawn.

Keywords: negative friction forces, finite element method, pile foundation, soil massif, subsidence of soil

In the article the main technologies used in the construction of bored piles are considered and their comparative analysis is presented, as well as the optimal technology for construction in cramped conditions.

Keywords: bored piles, technology, foundation, restoration, reconstruction, Rostov-on-Don, construction