Today non-destructive methods are widely spread due to its mobility and accuracy. This article describes the main types of nondestructive testing commonly used in manufacturing and at the construction site, namely magnetic, eddy current, ultrasonic and visual. Describe the principle of each method and its key features.

Keywords: Non-destructive testing, mechanical characteristics, strength, hardness

The paper discusses certain thermal insulation materials, which, according to national and foreign researchers, are capable of ensuring the utmost energy efficiency of vertical enclosures of buildings and works. Based on the comparative analysis of some of the main thermal insulation properties and performance characteristics, the most energy efficient materials were identified among the materials offered for consideration. The key benefits and drawbacks of these materials are further provided in tabular form. The point is made that the optimal selection of energy efficient materials shall be arranged as a comprehensive computer-aided process, because the market of modern thermal insulation materials is huge. The selection process shall include the ranking of materials based on specific criteria.

Keywords: energy saving, thermal performance, thermal insulators, liquid ceramic thermal insulators, composite foam, environmental performance

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the environmental safety of the construction industry by improving the systems of decreasing dust emissions by aspiration systems using a comprehensive dispersive analysis. There was proposed to develop a promising approach using the criteria of hydrodynamic similarity in the output functions of the complex analysis of variance to increase the efficiency of aspiration decreasing dust systems in this article. The article focuses on the environmental problems of building construction industry. The volume and different kinds of mixtures of bulk building materials and cements to produce various types of concrete construction units and materials are in stable demand every year. It means that average amount of dust particles substances in emissions at the manufacturing production of building materials every year too. The results of studies show that a significant content of fine particles, for example, 10 microns or less is concern in dust emissions systems of aspiration at the building construction enterprises. One of ways to increase the environmental safety is reduction of dust emissions to design dust capturing devices that have low values of slippage out from aspirations’ decreasing dust systems. It was achieved by special complex integrated analysis’ method of variance dust that applies hydrodynamic sedimentation of particles. It is the way to obtain distribution of dimensionless numerical complexes — the hydrodynamic similarity criteria for the dust studied samples. There presented results of experiment that gave more reliable approach to get evaluations of the complex analysis of particles sedimentation velocity’s distributions.

Keywords: Dust, building material, dust collector, cleaning, overshoot, analysis of variance, velocity, sedimentation, criterion, emission, atmosphere, dust removal, aspiration

The paper describes the sele-dangerous zones of the North Caucasus and Kabardino-Balkaria. More detail marked selevye problems of the river Gerhozhansu - the most dangerous river in the regions of SK. The results of the descent of powerful mudflows along the gerhozhansu river in 2000-2017, which had disastrous consequences for the city of Tyrnyauz, are presented. Made a study of the results of years of research the authors conducted in mudflow dangerous rivers of the CBD. Based on field field field studies in the river basin. Gerhozhansu revealed a self-regulating natural mechanism that forms naturally when the mudflow converges the most suitable profile of the transit section of the channel, which ensures the passage of the maximum possible mudflow at minimum energy costs. According to the results of analytical studies of the causes of destruction and the reliability of the work of existing structures and saleprovides antimud slide protection facilities. Developed and proposed more efficient design and technological solutions in designing mud and saleprovides structures combined structures that are protected by patents for inventions and useful models. In conclusion, the main results of the research carried out in the work are noted.

Keywords: mudflow dangerous areas; debris flows; transit station; cone-removal; mud dam; saleprovides tray; conveying ability; antimud slide protection facilities; effective design

The paper reveals the problem and causes of the formation of fetid compounds in the systems of transportation and wastewater treatment. Various methods used at the moment to eliminate and neutralize unpleasant odors, as well as a number of measures to clean the air from fetid compounds are considered. A new method is described to prevent the formation of odors of fetid compounds in wastewater transportation and treatment systems and a device for its implementation using low-intensity cavitation. The scheme of the device for sewage treatment from smells of fetid compounds. The principle of operation of this installation is described.

Keywords: fetid compounds , air purification, biological purification, low-intensity cavitation.

The methods of injection fixing the soils of the base under the foundations of cultural heritage are considered. The specific examples show the features of soil consolidation by cementation and silicatization methods. The technological features of soil consolidation, taking into account the material of the foundations and the technical condition of cultural heritage sites are given

Keywords: cementation, silicatization, injector, soil, consolidation, foundation, object of cultural heritage, sediment, subsidence, deformation

The article considers the application of a modified two-stage genetic algorithm to solve the traveling salesman problem. The traveling salesman problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem known since 1930. The traveling salesman problem is NP-complex. With the number of cities 66 or more, it is impossible to solve it by exhaustive search. To test the proposed approach to the solution, we consider a graph with 51 vertices from the package TSP_LIB. At the first stage, a modified Goldberg model with small parameter values works to obtain the first generation of the second stage with better performance than the random formation of individuals. The second stage works with increased values of genetic algorithm parameters. These values vary from experiment to experiment, the results of which are presented in diagrams. Also, the results of the two-stage algorithm are compared with the results of the one-stage algorithm. A modified Goldberg model of the genetic algorithm is used. The genetic algorithm uses a waypoint representation of a traveling salesman's route with a two-point ordered crossover and a "greedy" mutation. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The modified two-stage algorithm allows to obtain a solution close to the optimal one.

Keywords: traveling salesman problem, genetic algorithm, Goldberg model, crossover, mutation, individual, route, Hamiltonian cycle, distance matrix

The purpose of the article is the possibility of scientific, methodological and technical justification for the need to develop and conduct construction and technical expertise at the current stage of the construction industry in the design and construction of different types, types, specifics and technical characteristics of the housing facility. The concept of legislative regulation of this area of production in the aspect of mandatory standards and regulations applicable to all construction companies (organizations) is given.

Keywords: Construction, construction objects, forecasts, projects, design, quality management, standards, regulations, legislation, judicial construction and technical expertise, expert

In optical-electronic systems (OES) of visual observation, the non-uniformity of the output signal is compensated quite well. At the same time, the non-uniformity of the sensitivity of the photodetector (NUSP) degrades the threshold sensitivity of the photodetector devices. At the same time, compensation does not lead to an increase in the characteristics of the OES. Thus, assessing the impact of NUSP on the characteristics of detection of the OES is an urgent task. The calculation of the estimation of the mathematical expectation of the signal shows that it is biased and the displacement is proportional to the sensitivity of the corresponding element. Compensation for NUSP eliminates this bias, but the effectiveness of the assessment changes and the NUSP is transferred from the mathematical expectation to the variance. The presence of NUSP results in a corresponding the non-uniformity of the probability of correct detection and a threshold signal. Performing compensation does not change the probability of correct detection and the threshold signal. It is shown that for each element of the photodetector the detection range is determined by its sensitivity. The ratio of the maximum range to the minimum is related to the ratio of the maximum sensitivity of the photodetector element to the minimum. The presence of NUSP leads to a corresponding uneven detection range. It is shown that the compensation of NUSP does not change the value of the detection limit. At NUSP of 40%, the minimum detection range will be 1.5 times less than the maximum detection range.

Keywords: optoelectronic system, non-uniformity of sensitivity of the detector, detection range

The article is devoted to the approach to the development and design of effective dust collectors for the aspiration systems of the construction industry. It was proposed and implemented the study of the particle shape factors that determine the hydrodynamic features of gas flow around dust particles, for example, in the aspiration schemes, which are most spread and applied in the construction industry using the results of complex analysis of variance it this article. It was presented results of implementation hydrodynamic criteria in the output function of the analysis. The values’ meanings of the particle shape factors of the dusts’ particles were gained and obtained at the final stage of experiment. It was obtained regressions for particle shape factors as functions of hydrodynamic criteria. It was proposed dependences to clarify the particle sedimentation-growth velocities taking into account the influence of the particle shape factors of the studied dust samples. It was allowed possibility to assess and obtain ranges of changes in the values’ meanings of particle shape factors. It was obtained more reliable results for determining the sedimentation values’ velocities of dust particle as a determining result of complex analysis of variance of particles also. The research results allow the development and design of dust collecting devices for cleaning emissions in dust removal systems of the aspiration schemes of the construction industry. These dust kinds of collector provides a significant reduction in dust leakage out from dust removal systems of the aspiration. This way become one of the highly effective prevents polluting ways that allows to improve environmental safety of the construction industry.

Keywords: Dust, building material, dust collector, cleaning, leakage, analysis of variance, velocity, sedimentation, criterion, emission, atmosphere, dust removal, aspiration

The development of modern electronics has led to the improvement and modernization of natural gas meters. Mechanical devices increasingly began to be replaced by electronic ones, which allow to provide higher accuracy, resolution of the device and have a number of additional features, for example, allow to register events and monitor readings. The task of such devices is to provide completely autonomous operation from the battery element in the period from 5 to 10 years. The battery life is determined by the number of consumers of electricity included in the meter and can be reduced to very small values ​​due to the use of modern electronic components with low power consumption. In addition, it is possible to reduce power consumption by implementing certain algorithms of the device. In this paper, we consider the options for constructing a measuring target, and the algorithms for operating the digital part, which allow us to reduce power consumption.

Keywords: measuring circuits, natural gas meters, energy consumption, measuring target, energy efficiency

The physical and chemical properties of cobalt catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis prepared by the method of impregnating a silicate carrier have been studied. The influence of oxide promoters on the specific surface, volume and pore sizes, the degree of reduction of metallic cobalt on the surface of Co-Al2O3 / SiO2 catalyst has been studied.

Keywords: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, synthetic hydrocarbons, catalyst, cobalt, promoter, carrier, specific surface, porous structure, catalytic activity, degree of reduction

The parameters of the porous structure and the outer surface of cobalt catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis prepared by the water-impregnation method were studied. The effect of the polymorphous modification of the support on the physico-chemical properties of the Co / Al2O3 catalyst was studied.

Keywords: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, synthetic motor fuel, catalyst, carrier, promoter, polymorphic Al2O3 modifications, elemental analysis, specific surface, porous structure

The analysis of the projects for securing the soil foundations, which are part of the new construction projects of educational institutions in the Rostov region in 2016-18, is carried out. On the example of the construction of schools in the cities of Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Shakhty, Novocherkassk, Aksai and the village of Chaltyr, the main technical and technological solutions for soil consolidation are considered, depending on the engineering and geological conditions of the construction sites

Keywords: cementation, injector, soil, consolidation, foundation, soil piles, retaining walls, sediment, subsidence, deformation

The article describes the study of fine dust at the stage of packing and packaging of particulate material. Attention is given to fine particles, which is PM10 and PM 2.5, that have a negative impact on human health in the process of packaging chemicals.The object of the study is the sodium salt of naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, which is the starting crude in the chemical industry and organic synthesis.As a result of the sedimentation analysis, the sizes of the particles deposited in the experimental setup were determined and, based on the data obtained, the particle size of dust was formulated depending on the settling time.The results obtained are used in the engineering of aspiration systems in industrial plants.

Keywords: fine particles, chemical dust, sedimentometry, PM10, PM2.5, particle size distribution, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt