The article considers a variant of formalization of the task of determining the demand for training areas and possible areas of employment of graduates by comparing the skills obtained in the framework of training and the requirements of the labor market on the basis of semantic analysis of job descriptions. The formalized model is used for further algorithmization of the solution and software implementation within the module of the complex tools of remote career guidance.

Keywords: API requests, vacancies, demand for training areas, career guidance, digitalization of career guidance activities, formalized model

The article is devoted to one of the key issues of the theory of international relations and geopolitical science – the definition of the power of the state. At the same time, the state is considered as the main (structure-forming) element of the global geopolitical space. Starting from the fact of the real inequality of states in the system of international relations and ran-king them by weight and influence in world affairs, the author analyzes two main approaches to assessing the strength of the state: attributive and behavioral. The article distinguishes between the concepts of "the potential of the country" and «the power of the state»; justifies the need to use a more precise than the generally accepted concept – «the total power of the state» (TPS). The subject of special attention is the question of the possibility of measu-ring the TPS, in connection with which the factors that determine it are analyzed in detail. In this connection, the "tangible" (measurable) and «intangible» (immutable) factors of TPS are distinguished and their interrelation is considered. Based on these considerations, the author offers his own «formula» of the TPS.

Keywords: global geopolitical space, the state, ranking of states, the potential of the country, the power of the state, the total power of the state (TPS), components of the TPS, the measure-ment of power (as a problem), «tangible» (measurable) and «intangible»

Society has always paid great attention to the problem of human behavior that does not comply with established social and generally accepted norms. Recently, interest in the problem of deviations in human behavior has increased significantly. Today, the study of deviant behavior is an interdisciplinary problem that is being solved within the framework of various scientific disciplines. Recognition of anomalies in human behavior is a complex and currently undisclosed research problem. In the process of identifying behavioral anomalies, the recognition of emotions by various signs plays a leading role. In order to increase the accuracy of the results, it makes sense to perform a comprehensive assessment of emotions on several signs at once, such as facial expression, posture, vocal signs (intonation, speech speed, etc.). The article presents existing algorithms and methods for recognizing emotions. The rationale for the choice of software product development tools is given. The functional requirements for the application are presented in the form of a diagram of use cases in UML 2.0 notation. The architecture of an Android application for recognizing anomalies in human behavior in the form of diagrams of components and classes of the conceptual level is shown. Prototypes of the user interface are demonstrated.

Keywords: abnormal behavior, algorithms and methods of emotion recognition, software architecture, functional requirements, user interface

Automation of test question generation consists of four main stages. The first step is to determine the target sentence from which it will be possible to generate a test question. This article examines the existing methods for determining the target sentence Both foreign and Russian language sources are considered. The paper considers such methods as automatic text abstracting, similarity of syntactic analysis, a rule-based method, a method based on ranking by keywords, an algorithm for summarizing documents based on the frequency of words.

Keywords: automatic test questions generation, automatic text processing, natural language processing, automatic abstracting, annotation

This article describes the implementation of an orientation software package for a mobile robot with the construction of a terrain map and its subsequent analysis. As part of the work, a software module was developed for a mobile robot using a laser rangefinder (lidar), a Raspberry Pi 3B+ microcomputer with a ROS robotic operating system installed on it is used to obtain data from a laser rangefinder. The algorithm of movement of a mobile robotic complex in space with the construction of a terrain map in real time is described. Such complexes are currently widely used, they can significantly reduce the need for human participation in heavy and dangerous work.

Keywords: mobile robot, robotic complex, laser rangefinder, lidar, ultrasonic sensor, vision system

Automation of procurement activities is considered one of the most well-known applications of IT solutions, since procurement is an integral element of the work of any organization and must be a holistic, systematic process that provides the opportunity to receive all those products, works, offers and services that are so important to the organization with the least expenditure of resources and resources in time. The article highlights the list of functional capabilities of various systems and describes the results of a formalized analysis of the functional completeness of these systems of the procurement session. The analysis also included a conditional system with the desired functionality, according to which it will be clear how this or that system is suitable for the customer.

Keywords: procurement session, procurement activity, comparative analysis of functional completeness, auction, reduction, lot, bid, analysis of compliance of user requirements to systems, similarity of systems

In this article discusses the problems of determining traffic signs for driving a motor vehicle using an artificial neural network apparatus. The relevance of research at this point in time is described, as well as the advantages of using neural networks in determining traffic signs. The input data for determining traffic signs for convolutional neural networks are presented. The architecture of the convolutional neural classification network is formed, in particular, the sequence of layers of the image classification network is considered. A mathematical description of the modeling of the error function and the stochastic gradient descent method is given. A mathematical model of the learning process of an artificial neural network, as well as activation functions: linear functions and sigmoids is presented. An algorithm for forming an artificial neural network model is proposed. The learning process of this function is visualized on the graph. The result of the training is presented.

Keywords: artificial neural networks, classification, convolutional neural networks, deep learning, big data, mathematical modeling, informatics

The problem of choosing the desired image segmentation algorithm and its real-time implementation arises in systems that work with a high-speed video data stream. Labeling related areas is an important step in preparing images for neural network training set. In this paper a modified one-pass image labeling algorithm for use in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), as well as its implementation using the Xilinx System Generator for DSP and the Matlab/Simulink package was proposed. The results of the algorithm operation on test images, as well as images obtained experimentally, are presented. This algorithm was developed to analyze and evaluate the quality of wheat seeds by classifying their images using artificial intelligence.

Keywords: labeling of related areas, artificial intelligence, segmentation, stream processing

One of the most promising unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designs is a single-rotor scheme, however, due to the complexity of the control principles for such aircraft, there are currently no effective methods for automating their takeoff and landing. The use of systems traditional for multicopter UAVs based on satellite positioning and calculation of control actions using strict mathematical formulas does not allow to fully realize the advantages of a single-rotor scheme. The article considers the existing model of the UAVs control process with a single-rotor scheme, proposes and justifies its changes, and also formulates a method for automatically controlling the take-off and landing of a single-rotor robot helicopter.

Keywords: single-rotor scheme, robotic helicopter, automatic takeoff, automatic landing, method, control

The possibilities of using modern information technologies in teaching graphic disciplines in the conditions of the spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are considered.

Keywords: engineering, graphic disciplines, COVID-19, information technology

The paper considers the development of a system for executing machine learning models. The developed system is a set of micro-services that can be used in various areas of production. Technologists for the implementation and prospects of the product being developed are considered. The work uses modern technologies for segmentation and recognition of objects on frames, as well as technologies that allow you to build an infrastructure for this system, and software development technologies.

Keywords: machine learning, computer vision, microservice architecture, pattern recognition

As the number of low-orbit satellite constellations (LEOs) increases, the probability of destructive impact from alien spacecraft (SC) will increase. One of the most effective impacts on the NHS is the setting of relay interference, which is an intercepted and delayed signal. This problem can be eliminated by using the "friend or foe" identification system for the spacecraft. At the same time, in order to reduce the probability of selecting the correct transponder signal by a foreign spacecraft, it is proposed to reduce the time spent on calculating the status of the satellite through the use of parallel calculations using codes of the polynomial residue number system (PRNS). A characteristic feature of these codes is the independent and parallel execution of calculations based on the bases of the PRNS. However, this property of the PRNS code can also be used to correct errors that occur during the operation of the identification system. In this case, the algorithm must perform this procedure at a lower time cost. Therefore, the modification of the error correction algorithm, which makes it possible to provide a higher speed of searching and correcting errors, is an urgent task. The purpose of the work is to reduce the time spent on the execution of the procedure for detecting and correcting errors during the operation of the identification system, by modifying the correction algorithm based on the Chinese residual theorem

Keywords: satellite identification system, codes of the polynomial residue number system, positional characteristic, error detection and correction algorithms

For successful training of students in educational institutions, modern laboratory equipment must be present. This equipment should be affordable, small enough to fit in a classroom, easy to maintain and operate, and versatile enough to allow students to conduct research with faculty or on their own. All this indicates the relevance of this work. The purpose of the work is to create original training equipment for seed germination. Work on a new design of educational equipment required to study and generalize the results and experience of using similar equipment known from the state of the art, as well as to study known methods and technologies. In the course of work, using elements of system analysis, new design solutions were found for the layout of universal training equipment for seed germination.

Keywords: germinating table, training equipment, seed germination, seed quality

The article presents the results of a study of the economic efficiency of winemaking in the Rostov region, the state and development trends of the regional market for table and sparkling wines in the northern zone of viticulture.

Keywords: winemaking, wine production, efficiency, wine market, share of wine in the regional market

The paper presents the results of numerical experiments on solving systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) with discharged matrices by the LU decomposition method, the Jacobi method, the Gauss-Seidel method, the modified Gauss-Seidel method and the modified Jacobi method with a relaxation parameter ω. In the course of numerical experiments on the solution of (SLAE) with test discharged matrices of various dimensions using the MATLAB package, it was found that the best results in the time of solving the problem were obtained by the modified Gauss-Seidel method with a relaxation parameter ω = 0.5 or a given accuracy of solutions ε= 10^-6. In the future, this method was used to calculate the integral characteristics of the functioning of distributed information processing systems for various practical applications.average system response time to user requests).

Keywords: distributed information processing system, a system of linear algebraic, equations, sparse matrix, LU decomposition, Jacobi method, Gauss-Seidel method, relaxation parameter

Electroretinography is a hightly informative method for diagnosing heterogeneous diseases associated with disorders of the vascular structures. This article describes the biomedical ophthalmic signal of an electroretinogram using wavelet analysis. The spectral characteristics of the signal, the time-frequency picture of the wavelet scalogram are estimated, and approaches to the automation of signal analysis using the available Python libraries are described. The description of the formation of wavelet scalograms of signals using the cwt function of the PyWT library has been formalized. The Gaussian wavelet of the 8th order is chosen as the basic function of the wavelet transform. In order to automate the analysis of wavelet scalograms, the sequence of determining the connectivity of segments using the connectedComponents function from the library of computer vision algorithms, image processing, and general-purpose numerical algorithms with open source OpenCV is described.

Keywords: electrophysiology, epr, electroretinogram, erg, wavelet analysis, decision support system, connected components, Otsu method, retinal dystrophy

With the development of wearable technology, unique opportunities have emerged for providing user interaction and highly accurate personalized recognition of his work activity. The purpose of this study is to propose methods for taking into account the evaluation of the economic efficiency of human resources using big data and machine learning methods, which will allow making more informed decisions in the process of human capital management. The article proposes an approach using a hybrid neural network CNN-LSTM, aimed at determining the specific type of work performed by specialists, providing the ability to control the execution of these actions based on data from wearable devices (smart watches, smart bracelets). The accuracy of the developed algorithm in recognizing 18 different types of actions on the test sample was more than 90% according to the Accuracy metric (the proportion of correct answers).

Keywords: human capital, labor productivity, hybrid neural network, convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network

The high share of manual labor in forestry does not allow solving modern problems facing the Russian forest industry. The introduction of new machines and technologies using the achievements of modern science and technology is required. In order to identify the prospects for the use of robotic systems for solving reforestation problems, existing machines and technologies were studied, the results and experience of using both successful existing solutions and solutions under development were summarized, and, using elements of system analysis, new design solutions were found for the layout of the robotic platform and the landing module to it.

Keywords: reforestation, forest planting, robotic platform, forest module

In this paper, the authors attempt to consider ethnographic approaches to the study of language policy issues, in detail, with an emphasis on various angles of modeling the language situation in the traditional and innovative ethnographic paradigm. The paper also provides a strong case for the effectiveness of this approach in measuring. forecasting and designing the ideal and real language situation in the regions which are of interest to the researcher. A number of examples are presented that convincingly illustrate the potential of ethnographic modeling. The authors are the first to present the opposition of the emic perspective to the ethical one, which has found its graphic embodiment in the model proposed by the authors. Moreover, the ethnographic model is an ideal tool for monitoring feedback when studying the functioning of closed forms of language policy, as well as for tracking various consequences of practical measures in the field of language.

Keywords: ethnography, ethnographic model, emic and ethical perspectives, critical ethnography, micro-ethnography, sociolinguistic ethnography, closed and open forms of language policy

This article discusses the problems of determining the road surface for automatic control of a vehicle using an artificial neural network. The current state of the industry is described, as well as the relevance of these studies. Describes the input data for determining the road surface. The idea of the applicability of the image segmentation method for determining the road surface is substantiated. The structure of an artificial neural network based on the U-NET architecture is being formed. In particular, the structure of the sequence of layers is described. Particular attention is paid to the mathematical modeling of the convolution process and the maximum pool. A mathematical model of the learning process of an artificial neural network, as well as activation functions: linear functions and sigmoids, is given. An algorithm for forming an artificial neural network model is proposed. The learning process of this function is visualized on the graph. The result of the training is presented.

Keywords: artificial neural networks, UNET, data analysis,, machine learning, deep lerning, convolutional neural networks, convolution, maximum pool, image segmentation, modeling

The ever-increasing number of vehicles creates a heavy load on the transport network of cities. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop methods for controlling traffic under existing constraints. The first developments in adaptive transport management began to appear in the mid-eighties of the last century. They were able to positively influence the transport situation of cities and regions. Each of the adaptive control methods has passed a fairly long period before being directly applied, undergoing constant changes and improvements. As a result, systems built on the basis of these methods are being implemented and are still functioning. In order to simplify the processes of development, operation, maintenance and scalability of adaptive transport control systems, to implement the principles of active management to increase the flexibility of such systems in the design and application, a method has been developed for building distributed traffic control systems that allows you to design a system from ready-made blocks and implement it according to the principle plug and play.

Keywords: traffic control, adaptive control, distributed control system, traffic, IEC 61499, plug and play

The article analyzes the experience of creating and testing a professional development program in the field of manufacturing products from micro-and nanopowders. The program is aimed at solving the problem of the qualification deficit experienced by powder metallurgy enterprises, which has become more acute in recent years The educational program was developed by the Volga State Technological University with the support of the RUSNANO Foundation for Infrastructure and Educational Programs and is designed to train engineering personnel in three areas: process engineers who develop technological processes for the production of powder products, design engineers - developers of technological equipment and production personnel who organize and control the production of metal powder products. A special feature of the program is its modular structure, which allows students to choose an individual learning path. The program includes a general professional cycle and three professional modules, the development of which allows you to form the professional competencies required by specialists. One of the modules is implemented remotely using e-learning technology. The advantage of the program is also a focus on practice: it provides a large volume of laboratory and practical classes, as well as practice at specialized enterprises. To assess the effectiveness of the advanced training program and if necessary to adjust it, the program was tested on a pilot group of students. Testing of the program confirmed its effectiveness and the possibility of successful use for professional development of specialists involved in the development and implementation of processes for obtaining products from metal powders.

Keywords: educational program of advanced training, production of powder metallurgy products from micro-and nanopowders, modular structure, distance learning, electronic training course, practice orientation, qualification deficits

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that big data analysis can be problematic, since it often involves the collection and storage of mixed data that are based on different rules or patterns. In this regard, the goal of this article is analyzing existing methods of big data processing that can be applied to the processing of mixed or heterogeneous data. The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used methods of processing mixed data. The problems of processing heterogeneous data are revealed. Big data processing tools, some traditional methods of data mining, as well as machine learning are presented. The advantages of merging large mixed data are presented. In this paper, heterogeneous data should be understood as any data with high variability of data types, formats and nature of origin. The materials of the article have a practical value for big data processing, the choice of big data processing methods, including data cleaning, data aggregation, size reduction and processing of mixed data and related analytical and system analysis.

Keywords: heterogeneous data, mixed data, multi-scale data, data processing methods, data mining, data analytics

The development of technical devices in almost all industries is aimed at creating universal devices that allow performing several operations. The forest industry is no exception. The creation of a taxation tool that provides the ability to perform several measuring operations, which is the goal of the work, will increase the efficiency of the taxator while reducing the physical load on him due to the need to have fewer measuring instruments with him. All this indicates the relevance of this work. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were solved in the course of the work, the main of which were: analysis of known designs of taxation instruments, synthesis of new technical solutions for their unification, patenting of a new technical solution. The use of system analysis made it possible to achieve the set goal, to propose a new patentable solution for a taxation device that combines the functions of an altimeter and a full gauge. The approach described in the paper to the creation of new designs of universal taxation devices can be used in teaching engineering creativity to students.

Keywords: full gauge, altimeter, taxation, forestry

It is known that diseases of the oral cavity and anomalies of the dentition are polyetiological. Prevention of these diseases is extremely important for the health of the population of Russia, and in order to ensure maximum effectiveness of preventive programs, it is necessary to develop them taking into account all factors and taking into account the characteristics of various regions of the vast extent of the country. At the same time, the level of development of information technologies and, in particular, geographic information systems makes it relatively easy to solve such problems, which until recently required huge labor costs.

Keywords: prophylaxy, epidemiology, statistical analysis, information technology, geoinformatics