In this paper, a physics-informed neural network containing natural gradient descent is proposed to solve the boundary value problem of the Poisson equation. Machine learning methods used in solving partial differential equations are an alternative to the finite element method. Traditional numerical methods for solving differential equations are not capable of solving arbitrary problems of mathematical physics with equivalent efficiency, unlike machine learning methods. The loss function of the neural network is responsible for the accuracy of solving initial and boundary value problems of partial differential equations. The more efficiently the loss function is minimized, the more accurate the resulting solution is. The most traditional optimization algorithm is adaptive moment estimation, which is still used in deep learning today. However, this approach does not guarantee achieving a global minimum of the loss function. We propose to use natural gradient descent with the Dirichlet distribution which increase the accuracy of solving the Poisson equation.

Keywords: natural gradient descent, Poisson equation, Fisher matrix, finite element method, neural networks

In this experiment, a solver (NEAT) and a simulator (an inverted pendulum cart object) are implemented, where the solver will influence the object in order to keep it in a stable state, i.e. don't let the pendulum fall. The main objective of the experiment is to study the possibility of implementing a simulator of a real physical object and use it to determine the target function of the neuroevolutionary algorithm NEAT. Solving this problem will make it possible to implement controllers based on the NEAT algorithm, capable of controlling real physical objects.

Keywords: machine learning, non-revolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, neural networks

The article views the process of preparing territories damaged by the war for housing stock restoration and it describes the main measures that need to be carried out in the damaged neighborhoods, depending on their degree of damage. These activities in the article are divided into two groups: the first for moderately damaged quarters, and the second for severely damaged quarters. The works from the first group are somewhat different from the ones in the second. For example, the decision to restore moderately damaged quarters requires temporary strenghtning and temporary protection of damaged buildings, while in severely damaged quarters, demolition of all buildings is required. In addition, the quantity of work in the second group is larger compared to the quantity in the first due to the need to demolish all buildings, dismantle all outdoor networks and lay new ones. However, the advantages of constructing works in these quarters are that it is possible to speed up the work due to the variety of implementation methods and the equipment that can be used.

Keywords: post-conflict reconstruction, demining of territories, preparatory works, technical condition of damaged buildings

The problem of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of construction production is considered. The problematic nature of such a procedure is noted, due to the fact that construction production is a multifactorial process in which a large number of material, financial and labor resources are used, with different units of measurement. It is proposed to consider the complex indicator "Integral indicator of the quality of construction production" based on the transformed Harrington desirability function, which allows taking into account many factors having different-sized controlled parameters.

Keywords: quality of construction production, integral index of construction quality, quality coefficient, generalized utility function, Harrington desirability function

This article reveals a number of examples of the introduction of new technologies in construction for the implementation of new high-tech projects. Some aspects of the technology of construction of marine gravity bases for technological lines for the liquefaction of natural gas and stable gas condensate are considered. During the construction of the gravity foundation, new compositions of heavy, high-strength modified and light concrete were used, as well as the tension of reinforcing ropes on hardened concrete. During the construction process, inventory panel changeable and sliding formwork was used for various structures of complex configuration.

Keywords: gravity type base, liquefied natural gas, post-tension, high-strength modified concrete, floating offshore structures

This comprehensive study is aimed primarily at determining the features of the formation and development of shopping and fairgrounds in the context of the principles of continuity of the architectural and planning structure of cities. The identification of the main city-forming factor in various historical periods in this work is a fundamental and necessary stage of analysis. The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comprehensive reconstruction of citywide spaces formed initially as retail areas in the historical core of cities. The article considers the features of the layout and development of shopping and fairgrounds in such cities of the Lower Don and Azov region as Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog and Nakhichevan-on-Don in the period from the middle of the XVIII to the beginning of the XX centuries. The influence of economic and general political processes that took place in the country on the development of trade in the region and, consequently, on the definition of trade as the main functional specifics of the studied cities is studied. The role of retail spaces in the structure of master plans at various stages of urban development is determined. The main elements of the development of retail areas in various historical periods are revealed. The interrelation of the functional significance of squares with their shape, location relative to the main thoroughfares and the original planning core of the city is established. Historically formed and preserved to this day, the main shopping areas in the cities of the Lower Don and the Azov region still remain significant citywide centers. The problem of complex reconstruction of retail areas located in the historical core of the city makes relevant research aimed at identifying the patterns of their formation and determining the features of development. Earlier, the author identified the main periods of architectural and planning evolution of the cities under consideration in the context of the designated object of research. Based on this periodization, a comprehensive analysis of various factors (historical, economic, socio-political, etc.) that influenced the appearance and architectural and planning development of shopping and fairgrounds in the structure of cities is carried out in this work. The following methods were also used in the course of the work: search, analysis and comparison of various graphic materials (diagrams, maps, master plans, project proposals, historical photographs, primary text documents); field surveys and photo fixation; classification and systematization of the results obtained.

Keywords: city square, trade, Rostov-on-Don, fair, Taganrog, Nakhichevan-on-don, Novocherkassk

The article is devoted to the study of the functional-spatial typology of adaptable industrial architecture in accordance with the main directions of development and organization of various types of modern leisure for potential users. Taking into account the initial characteristics of the refunctionalization object and the intended functional purpose, a conceptual model of a typological matrix is proposed, the construction of which is based on the universal principles of architectural organization and the permissible impacts of simultaneous changes in space and function associated with changing demands of society and economic opportunities for further adaptation of the industrial facility. The article is published based on the results of research work carried out within the framework of a grant competition for the implementation of research work by scientific and pedagogical workers of Saint Petersburg State University Architecture of Civil Engineering in 2023.

Keywords: re-adaptation of industrial architecture, functional typology, industrial facility, typological matrix

The article discusses the features of the development of projects for the production of works during the construction of pile foundations from factory elements in urban conditions. It is shown that in such conditions, projects should contain technological solutions that ensure the safety of residents and the surrounding development. Based on the analysis of regulatory literature and work experience, the main guidelines and measures that should be developed in detail and presented in the PPR are presented. The methodology is justified in the form of an algorithm that allows you to develop PPR taking into account the specifics of the construction site, ensuring the quality of work and the safety of the surrounding development. Recommendations are given on the development of a technological map for the pressing of piles with modern installations equipped with lifting structures. Approaches to the assignment of penetrations and parameters of hazardous areas arising during operation.

Keywords: technology, pile foundations, indentation, organizational and technological documentation, work project, technological map. cramped conditions, danger zone, indentation installation

The article analyzes the features of aspects of architectural activity in relation to the integration of cultural heritage objects into the structure of the modern urban environment. The cultural and historical environment, expressed in the format of material and artistic and aesthetic symbols and formations, remains a significant urban planning factor, a material objects of cultural heritage (subject-spatial structure of the cultural environment) they are considered as the most important city-forming elements that are in continuous interaction with other functional zones of the urban environment. Reorganization of the historical part of the urban environment or integration of objects of cultural and historical heritage the functional and territorial framework of a modern city appears to be multifactorial, a complex and responsible task of architectural design.

Keywords: modern architecture, urban environment, cultural and historical resource, traditions, heritage and modernity

This article analyzes the assessment of the signs leading to the possible destruction of the investigated building structure. Using the mathematical basis for diagnosing the destruction of a building structure, it is possible to determine how the signs that affect the destruction of the structure or their groups affect the determination of the degree of destruction. Applying the Bayesian approach to determining the degree of malfunction of a building structure and its destruction, a comparison of the probability of destruction of each investigated building structure is given. It was found out how the calculated probability of each structural failure was affected by the presence of each feature and what contribution to the increase or decrease in the probability of an accident was made by the analyzed feature affecting the destruction of the structure. It is proposed to use artificial, model destruction of building structures to determine the influence of various factors on determining the degree of destruction, so to speak, in its pure form and in various variants. In addition, you can get test cases to test the effectiveness of various diagnostic methods and find out a number of theoretical questions. Considering this, and the other goals listed above, models were built. An assessment of the influence of a feature that affects the probability of destruction of a building structure in one of many ways is shown. According to the proposed methods, the values of the sign affecting the destruction for the structure are determined. The probability of destruction is determined.

Keywords: construction and technical expertise, defects, reliability, diagnostic tasks, diagnostic methods, efficiency

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that historical areas of cities and individual buildings that are objects of historical and architectural heritage were once built on pile foundations. Until the beginning of the 20th century, wooden elements, usually up to 9.0 m long, were laid as piles at the base of buildings and structures, which over a long period of operation received defects and damage in the form of damage by soft rot up to the complete destruction of the heads. The purpose of the work is to study the stress-strain state of the pile foundation at successive stages of development of defects and damage. The work systematizes the results of examinations of wooden piles and other elements located in the ground for a long time; laboratory studies of the actual operation of piles in water-saturated silt-clay soils were carried out. The results of field and laboratory studies are included in the calculation apparatus implemented by the finite element method in an elastoplastic formulation. The authors showed the actual operation of pile foundations of historical and architectural heritage objects at successive stages of pile damage and obtained a calculation model at the stage of complete destruction of the pile heads. Laboratory and theoretical studies have shown that in the modern practice of preserving objects of historical and architectural heritage, there is a vicious practice, which consists in the fact that they often strengthen the foundations in cases where there is no need for this, and sometimes it is even harmful.

Keywords: cultural heritage sites, artificial foundations, piles, wood, water-saturated soils, structures, technical expertise

This paper examines the impact of regulations on cultural heritage protection zones on the cost of land plots intended for hotel accommodation. The application of the theory of fuzzy sets to assess the influence of cultural heritage objects on the value of commercial land plots is substantiated. The result of the study is a methodology for estimating the share of the value of a commercial land plot attributable to the presence of a cultural heritage protection zone, based on the methodology for determining easement fees and the theory of fuzzy sets.

Keywords: hotel, historical and cultural monument, phasification, market value, cadastral value, type of permitted use, term-set, restrictions of use, adaptation, sustainable development

Sustainable development of urban areas and reduction of negative impacts on the environment is possible through the rational use of energy resources. At the same time, reducing the energy intensity of the existing housing stock, given the unsatisfactory technical condition of a large number of buildings and structures of old construction, and the construction of new energy-efficient buildings is one of the priorities in our country. A qualitatively new approach to solving problems of energy saving in urban planning provides the use of geographic information systems, which make it possible, using mechanisms to support management decision-making and automation of processes associated with spatial analysis, to develop programs to reduce the energy intensity of buildings and the long-term development of the electricity and heat supply system in the municipality.

Keywords: energy saving, energy efficiency, reduction of energy intensity, energy efficient technologies, urban reconstruction

The article is devoted to an integrated approach and the role of youth participation in the design of youth environment facilities. The object of the study is the design solutions of the youth environment, including youth centers participating in the program of renovation of youth environment facilities. The author has set himself the tasks: - Define the concept of youth environment. - To consider the experience of involving young people in the design of youth environment facilities on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The work was carried out on the basis of more than 30 renovation projects of youth facilities implemented in municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan. The study revealed that today a high—quality and comfortable urban environment is one of the conditions of competition for human capital. Programs have been launched in Tatarstan to solve a number of social problems, among them the state program Development of youth policy in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2019-2025"". An integrated approach plays a significant role in the formation of youth spaces. One of the most important aspects of the integrated approach is to attract young people to form a new quality environment, of which they will be users.

Keywords: youth environment, youth centers, methodological approaches in design, participation

This research presents a methodology for classifying construction objects with critical defects. The presented work is part of a larger research effort dedicated to a comprehensive systemic approach to solving the problem of restoring various types of housing and social infrastructure objects damaged by different types of events. The paper discusses an algorithm for classifying construction objects with critical defects, introduces the concept of "degree of defect criticality", proposes a hypothesis about quantitative values of defect criticality degree intervals, and describes the classification algorithm. The presented examples demonstrate a holistic systemic approach to solving the scientific problem of restoring damaged objects affected by various types of events such as fires, explosions, impacts, and floods. Research methods employed include synthesis and scientific analysis, data collection, statistical analysis, as well as destructive and non-destructive testing methods at different stages of the study. Conclusions and tasks for further research are formulated.

Keywords: critical defect, degree of criticality of defects, construction object, organizational structure, organizational and technological solutions, technical condition

The paper presents a study of the resistance of connections of load-bearing laminated wood structures using domestic melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives (MMFC) to cyclic temperature and humidity influences. The method of cyclic tests is described. An assessment is made of the resistance of MMFC to temperature and humidity influences and the compliance of the selected adhesive with the requirements established for the production of long-span load-bearing structures.

Keywords: melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives, wooden structures, resistance of adhesive joints to cyclic temperature and humidity influences, strength

The article raises issues of repair and construction work on the installation of underground utility pipeline networks in urban environments. The sphere of housing and communal services today is characterized by the presence of high wear and tear of communal pipeline networks: sewer systems, water supply systems, energy systems, etc., which requires urgent measures to solve this problem as part of the implementation of urban reconstruction projects.

Keywords: repair and construction work, municipal pipeline networks, urban services, utilities, housing and communal services

The technological process of manufacturing self-adhesive radio-absorbing materials is considered. The technological mode of manufacturing radio-absorbing materials consists of two operations – the preparation of a mixture and the production of radio-absorbing materials from the resulting mixture. An important step is mixing the mixture. The quality of the radio-absorbing material depends on the quality of the mixture.

Keywords: mixture, mixing time, scanning probe microscope, microstructure study

The effectiveness of fly ash from the Novo-Irkutsk Thermal Power Plant and ash and slag mixtures from Thermal Power Plant-10, formed during the combustion of solid fuel fossils of JSC Irkutskenergo, in the composition of cements with low water demand has been shown. The chemical composition and physical and technical properties of this waste have been determined. The grindability was studied and the specific energy consumption of cements with different ash contents (30-70%) was calculated. It has been established that low-water-demand cements with fly ash and ASM are not inferior to Portland cement in technological and physical-mechanical indicators, and can be recommended for use in construction.

Keywords: large-tonnage waste, ash and slag mixtures, grindability, low water demand cement, superplasticizer, joint grinding

The article gives a description of the developed design of a sample of the connection of wooden elements, which is devoid of the shortcomings of existing technical solutions that allow simulating the actual operation of real wooden structures. The design makes it possible to increase the reliability of the test results, simplifies the test procedure and the test results processing process. The developed design of the sample fully reflects the actual work of the real joints of the beam cage of a wooden building, causes a stress-strain state in the sample, to a large extent similar to the stress-strain state of a real joint due to the correct application of the basic provisions of the similarity theory to connect the model with the full-scale construction of a wooden buildings, schemes for applying the load to the sample and methods for conducting experiments.

Keywords: wooden structures, timber, joining of wooden elements, testing of a sample of connecting wooden elements, wooden beam, main beam, secondary beam, metal plates, screws, reliability improvement

The article analyzes the architectural and compositional features of the resort architecture of the city of Sochi using the example of three sanatoriums, which are unique objects of high historical and architectural value for the city’s historical and cultural environment. The authors examine the volumetric-spatial features and compositional solutions of buildings created in the 1930s. The analysis is presented using the example of the following sanatoriums: sanatoriums named after K.E. Voroshilov, “Gornyiy vozduh” and Lengorzdrav (named after S.M. Kirov). In the final part of the article, conclusions are drawn about the architectural and compositional features of the resort architecture of the 1930s in the city of Sochi. The article is published based on the results of the research work “Volume-spatial features of the period of constructivism in Sochi using the example of sanatorium-resort facilities”, as part of a grant competition for research work by students of St. Petersburg State University of Civil Engineering in 2023.

Keywords: resort architecture of Sochi, architectural and compositional features, sanatorium, constructivism, marine facade, spatial structure

The paper considers the problem of the arrangement of the abutments of newly erected driveways and roads of agricultural production enterprises to existing roads and driveways. When connecting the "pies" of the roadways of the projected driveways with the existing landscaping, it is necessary to solve the problem of preventing cracking in the coating at the places of the thickness difference of the structural layers. In the article, this problem is solved both from the technical side, by ensuring the joint work of the new and existing road structure, and from the normative one by assigning the projected passage to the IVB category road, in accordance with SP 37.13330.2012, which allows the construction of a road with curbs without curbs and, as a consequence, without storm sewers and sewage treatment plants.

Keywords: road network, cadastral boundaries, the design of the widening of the passage, the technical solution of the junction of roads, transverse profile

Economic development directly depends on the creation of a network of roads of the highest category. Major road construction requires large capital investments and less funds are allocated for the operation of existing roads and infrastructure. Instead of replacing bridge structures, it is necessary to use their reconstruction. The article discusses the problem of reconstruction of bridge structures, namely the restoration of carrying capacity, which has decreased during many years of operation. The relevance of the study, its goals and objectives are noted. A classification of reinforcement structures according to various criteria is proposed. The types of bridge reinforcements often used in practice, their advantages and disadvantages, are analyzed. The presented material is illustrated with photographs of objects. Successful reconstruction directly depends on the qualifications of designers and contractors, since with insufficient reinforcement, the span continues to work and is overloaded and gradually collapses. A modern method of reinforcement based on the use of carbon composite is presented. Significant disadvantages of this method for strengthening bridges and its modification using a tensioning device to secure and tension the carbon lamellas have been noted. The use of a tensioning device allows the superstructure to be partially unloaded from permanent and temporary loads. The main conclusions are presented.

Keywords: bridge, strengthening, reconstruction, truss, carbon composite, lamella, load-carrying capacity, load-bearing capacity, tension

The object of research is C-shaped elements made of thin-walled cold-formed profiles. The subject of the study is the stability of C-shaped rod elements from thin-walled cold-formed profiles. Research goal: development of the calculation process by the finite element method and determination of coefficients of loss of the overall stability of thin-walled cold-formed rods. Method. A numerical-analytical research method is used to reduce the time and volume of settlement operations. The buckling coefficients are determined by finite element analysis of the buckling of the overall stability of cold-formed elements of light steel thin-walled structures using the software package. Result. This analysis results in a table of total weight coefficients for cold-formed thin-walled rods, which can be presented as a table for calculations on medical indicators—a comparative analysis of the inverse numerical-analytical calculation method with the finite element method using the computer program.

Keywords: stability, finite element method, thin-walled cold-formed profiles, steel, coefficients, software package, construction